Comparing The Dsdm And Rup Devices Information Technology Essay

Comparing The Dsdm And Rup Devices Information Technology EssayThis report comprises the affinity between two modern systems development methodologies Dynamic trunk Development mode (DSDM) and rational number Unified Process (RUP). In the beginning of this report, strengths and weaknesses postulate been provided for both(prenominal) methodologies plus the challenges related to the carrying into action. It also encompasses the evaluation framework based on the comparison and justification of method for Complete Solutions.This report also contains characteristics of DSDM and RUP methodologies that are wide utilise in Agile Software Development and the challenges associated with implementing energetic processes in the software industry. This anecdotal evidence has been increased regarding the effectiveness of agile methodologies in accepted environments nevertheless there have not been much collection and analysis of empirical evidence for agile projects. According to this re port after performing comparison, it has been run aground that DSDM agile methodologies can provide good benefits for small scaled and medium scaled project development whereas RUP seems dominant for software and systems delivery with implementation.Modern societies have been using computer software for more than five decades. Software development used to be a problematic activity for the software developers. Development used to be carried out without any plan and the design of the system was determined from many short term decisions. Small systems used to get away from problems but as systems grew bigger, it became more difficult to add new features in undergoing development and problems were harder to fix. Same procedures for system development were carried out for many years until an alternative was introduced Methodology. Methodologies call a disciplined process upon software development with the aim of making software development more predictable and more efficient (Avison F itzgerald, 2006).DSDM and RUP contain agile concepts such as iterative and incremental development, time boxing, prioritization and active user appointment. According to Avison Fitzgerald (2006), DSDM is a part of Rapid Development Methodology (RAD) whereas RUP is part of Obeject lie Methodology. DSDM and RUP have been successful by using them in iterative development life cycles. Both methodologies have become the most important challenger in the field of agile development. This report has revealed the comparison between both processes from a DSDM point of view. It has examined the strengths and weaknesses of the processes (DSDM RUP) plus the differences and the similarities. Both processes can be combined in a system development approach which could result in better product.DSDM and RUP ComparisonRUP Definition Jacobsen et al (1994) define RUP is an iterative approach for object oriented systems, and it potently embraces use cases for modelling requirements and building the foundation for a system. In 2002 RUP was acquired by IBM. According to IBM (2011) RUP is a comprehensive process framework that provides industry-tested practices for software and systems delivery and implementation and for effective project mangement.DSDM Definition According to DSDM Atern (2011), DSDM is the processes by which solutions are developed must be agile and deliver what the business needs when it needs it. DSDM base on balls agility and flexibility by using useful processes in project development with the combination of solution developers knowledge and with the usage of advanced permitive tools and techniques. System delivery can be achieved by presenting many prototypes and final product can be delivered on different timescales.Dynamic System Development Method and Rational Unified Process are the part of Agile Methodology for the project development. They both follow the putting green rules and procedures by utilizing iterative and incremental development. This co mmon usability and functionality of DSDM and RUP can be seen through their similarities in system development.SimilaritiesDSDM and RUPPrinciplesThe success of DSDM Atern is based on its 8 principles for the system development which are also carried by RUP in development.LifecycleAs DSDM and RUP processes are part of Agile Methodology hence both use iterative and incremental lifecycle for software development.Process ModelRUPs framework which defines the jazz solution model for any small level project can be adopted by DSDM framework which consists of set of rules for developing a system. linguistic communicationAs both processes support and use various tools and techniques but still they share many common terminologies, e.g. Configuration Management, Dependency Management etc.RolesRUP favours the support and importance of roles and responsibilities related to system developers along with other business users where as DSDM concentrates on business owners, business visionaries and bu siness users. Both processes realise and utilize the actors involvement in system development.TechniquesDSDM and RUP, both use various advance techniques and tools in software development and in project development. There is large number of tools support by both approaches which can be seen in comparison table.GuidelinesBoth processes include guidelines on different aspects of the project lifecycle. RUP includes very complete guidelines on UML modelling, Requirements management, Development, testing and Configuration management. DSDM includes support for facilitated workshops and timeboxing.TemplatesRUP includes a number of general and tool specific templates. DSDM deliberately avoids templates to encourage wider usage.ExamplesBoth processes provide project examples, DSDM providing these examples inthe form of unobjectionable papers, where RUP includes them in the on-line process.ToolsRUP provides comprehensive documentation on how the Rational Tool set integrates with the process . This provides the practitioner with context sensitive help within the particular Rational tool. DSDM provides guidance on tools to assist people in choosing their own tool set.

Career Profile: Physical Therapy Assistant

perplexityer Profile physiologic Therapy AssistantHealth Care Career physiological Therapy AssistantRodny German SotolongoJob DescriptionPhysical therapy tendingants (PTAs) offer care in varying forms including teaching clients/patients exercises for purposes of mobility, coordination and strength, training patients on how to mapping mobility aids such as walkers, cranes or crutches (American Physical Therapy tie (APTA), 2014). They also offer massage and train patients on the same as well as use of electrotherapy and sensual agents such as electrical stimulation and ultrasound.Therefore, PTAs usually offer physical therapy services while under the supervision and nidus of authorise physical therapists. These services are offered to persons of different ages with medical conditions or problems or any other health-related condition, which limits their capability to move or undertake functional activities during their day-after-day lives (APTA, 2014). Additionally, PTAs also measure any changes in the performance of a patient due to the physical therapy that has been offered. Their work settings vary from outpatient clinics, hospitals, nursing homes, schools, home health to sports facilities and semiprivate practices.The scope of practice for the PTAs as set by the APTA consists of examining patients and their histories, testing and measuring their strength, balance, range of motion, muscle performance, coordination, posture, motor function and respiration under the supervision and direction of a licensed PT (APTA, 2014). They may also be involved in implementing the various patients treatment plans through the various modes of therapy to check off continuity of care. With proceed treatment, progress is documented, and modifications may be made and implemented according to the PTs directions.The standard code of ethics for PTAs as delineated by the House of Delegates of the APTA emphasizes the special promise of a PTA to ensure that a patient achiev es greater independence, wellness and health as well as improved life quality (APTA, 2008). This is achieved by respecting patients rights and dignity, organism compassionate and trustworthy, abiding by the law during decision-making and demonstrating integrity in their workplace. They should also enhance their competence by acquiring skills, knowledge and abilities.Education, Registration and certificationA PTA education should be obtained from an accredited college or university after a two-year CAPTE-accredited associate degree. The program usually takes two years comprised of five semesters during which general education, clinical education and physical therapy courses are offered. The contents of primary physical therapy include although not limited to physiology and anatomy, biomechanics, kinesiology, exercise physiology, clinical pathology, neuroscience, behavioral sciences, ethics/values and discourse (Education Portal, 2013). About 75 percent of a PTA curriculum is based o n lab and classroom (didactic) study with the remaining 25 percent being apply for clinical education. A PTA student must also spend an average of 16 weeks on full-time meets of clinical education.Ideally, the whole program costs or so 7,816 dollars and 26,493 dollars in tuition fees in public and private institutions annually respectively according to 2008 approximations. Upon completion of the PTA program, one is awarded an associate degree in Physical Therapy Assistant. In order to practice as a PTA, one ought to be registered, certified or licensed by the particular state he/she wishes to work in, which requires sack of the National Physical Therapy Exam (NPTE) (APTA, 2014). This exam is administered by the State Boards of Physical Therapy (FSBPT). Completion of continuing education is also necessary in order to ensure that certification or licensure is maintained. Besides, PTAs are expected to be CPR certified.EmploymentThe job outlook for this occupational group shows a hi gh demand for PTAs within the health care workforce despite the downturn in the economy. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that there will be a 35 percent growth in PTA fight between 2008 and 2018, which is a much faster rate of growth than any other healthcare occupation as the demand for their services grows. For example, in the calendar month of October there were 2500 PTA jobs advertised in LinkedIn. Apparently, there are jobs that require one to have some experience while others welcome even those without experience (Education Portal, 2013). Ideally, those with experience are more preferable due to the skills, knowledge and the abilities that they possess, which at the same time warrants a higher pay compared to those without experience. The latter definitely start with a lower remuneration.Entry-level PTAs often start with a median salary of $42,100 although it may be as low as $32,420 while experienced PTAs earn a median salary of $52,160, which may rise up to about $6 2,360. Usually, becoming a PTA is only a beginning because there are various opportunities for career development with or without advancement in education. One can advance knowledge and skills in one field out of the many that include geriatric, pediatric, cardiopulmonary, integumentary, musculoskeletal or neuromuscular (APTA, 2014). Fellowship programs enable one to obtain skills and knowledge in a physical therapy subspecialty. They usually require at least m hours of clinical experience in three years or 36 months. One can as well advance by undertaking postprofessional degrees such as postdoctoral programs or postprofessional ScD and PhD programs.Professional ActivitiesAPTA is the only professional body for physical therapists. In fact, PTA students can join and nationally the student 2014 membership pullulate stood at $80 with variations from state to state (APTA, 2014). Various journals have been publishing research issues related to physical therapy including the Cardiopulm onary Physical Therapy Journal located in Caroline Street of St. Louis, MO, the Journal of Physical Therapy published in Mullana-Amabala, Haryana, India and the Journal of the American Physical Therapy published in Baltimore.In most of the states, Continuing educational Units (CEUs) are required for purposes of renewing practice licenses. CEUs are therefore required during every renewal with variations in the number of hours from state to state. For example, in the state of aluminium only 6 hours are required, 24 hours for Arkansas, none for Colorado, 20 hours for Illinois and 30 hours for Oklahoma among others (Arkansas State Board of Physical Therapy (ASBPT), 2014). These continuing education requirements can be met in various ways including taking or attending seminars or lectures related to the profession either in person or online. Courses may as well be offered by accredited professional organization on relevant topics ( conspiracy of State Boards of Physical Therapy, 2008). Similarly, promoting a profession to outside audiences may compensate the continuing education requirement leading to earning of a CEU. Each CEU comprises of ten hours of taking part in recognized continuing education session with certified sponsorship and instruction.Reflection/ Personal career PlanI believe that I can fit in this career field because of my desire to work with and assist persons with functional problems or ill health, with the aim of assisting them achieve functional abilities. At the end of the therapeutic regime, we (patient and I) will be able to see the results culminating from our hard work, a sign of valuable contribution to the recovery of an individual as well as quality of his life (APATA, 2014). This is bound to give me great satisfaction in my career as a PTA. Besides, I am a compassionate, caring and kind person with a passion of helping people.In order to be a professional PTA, my goal is to graduate as a competent entry-level PTA who functions effect ively under supervision and direction of a licensed PT in the next two years. My learning objectives include acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities appropriate to enable practice as a PTA as well as to instill in me value-based behaviors required for the profession. Further, in order that I may achieve my career goals and objectives I should ensure that, I am good in mathematics and physical sciences such as Biology, Chemistry and Anatomy among others (APTA, 2011). Besides, I will learn by example from my mentors, supervisors and senior students on the best PTA practices.ReferencesAmerican Physical Therapy Association (APTA). (2008). Standards of Ethical Conduct for the Physical Therapist Assistant. Alexandria American Physical Therapy Association.American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). (2011). Values-Based bheaviors for the Physical Therapy Assistant. Alexandria American Physical Therapy Association (APTA).American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). (2014). Practice and Patient Care. Retrieved October 26, 2014, from American Physical Therapy Association http//www.apta.org/PatientCare/Arkansas State Board of Physical Therapy (ASBPT). (2014). Continuing Education. Retrieved October 26, 2014, from Arkansas State Board of Physical Therapy http//www.arptb.org/education/Education Portal. (2013). Physical Therapy Assistant Overview of Career Education. Retrieved October 26, 2014, from Education Portal http//education-portal.com/articles/Physical_Therapy_Assistant_Overview_of_Career_Education.htmlFederation of State Boards of Physical Therapy. (2008). Jurisdiction Licensure Reference Guide Continuing Competence. Baltimore Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy.

Research on Education Policy Development in Secondary School

inquiry on Education Policy Development in Secondary civilizeCHAPTER THREEMETHODOLOGYThis chapter presents the methodology subprogramd in carrying out the question. The research design, universe, sample and sampling techniques, peckeration, validity, reliability, administration and method of selective information analysis.Research Designdescriptive survey design was used for the playing field. The design gave the researcher the necessary information to be able to draw some basic conclusions about the adequacy of the selective information as regards form _or_ system of government implementation in education (Cooper Schindler, 2001). Descriptive survey research design is one in which a group of people or items is studied by collecting and analyzing data from only a few people or items considered to be representative of the entire group (Nworgu, 199154).PopulationThe tribe of the study comprised 247 public major(postnominal) secondary civilises in Rivers State. The responden ts consisted of all the 247 school principals and 8452 teachers in senior secondary schools in the State bringing the total population to 8,699 (Rivers State Senior Secondary Schools Board, 2015).Sample and Sampling TechniquesThe sample for this study comprised 1,305 principals and teachers (15% of 247 = 37 principals and 15% of 8452 = 1268 teachers) using the multi-stage sampling technique. Multi-stage refers to sampling plans where the sampling is carried out in stages using smaller and smaller sampling units at each stage (Wikipedia, 2016).Instrument For Data CollectionThe instrument for data collection of research data was the questionnaire titled Assessment of implementation of Education Policy changes Questionnaire (AIEPCQ). The questionnaire was divide into sections A and B. section A was on demographic information and section B was divided into four parts with eight items on each of the parts making a total number of 32 items. Part I focused on information and communication technology (ICT) in public secondary schools, II on the universalization of Junior secondary education, III on professionalization of the teach profession, and IV on the school-based management policy in senior secondary schools. Document analysis was to supplement questionnaire data. The questionnaire was designed in such a way as to gather information on the perceptions and experiences of a wide range of participants with narrative of their participation and observation of the role of policy implementation. Respondents were asked to indicate the extent to which they chequer with each statement using the modified Likert type scale ranging from Very last tip to Low Extent.Very High Extent (V.H.E)-(4 )High Extent (H.E)-(3 3.99) temper Extent (M.E)-(2 2.99)Low Extent (L.E) -(1 1.99)Respondents indicated the extent to which they agree or disagree with the statements. The responses were assigned numerical place.ValidityContent and face validities of the instrument for the stu dy were determined. The content and face validity were determined by the scrutiny of two lecturers in the department of Educational Management including the researchers supervisor. Their comments and corrections were adopted to improve the persona of the instrument.ReliabilityThe reliability of the instrument was determined finished the use of Cronbach Alpha method. Cronbach Alpha is a reliability co-efficient that reflects how well the items in a forwardness atomic number 18 positively correlated to one another (Sekaran, 199269). The instrument was administered once to 20 sampled respondents that were not part of the sample. The reliability co-efficient was determined using the cronbach alpha. The internal consistency of the instrument was computed to be 0.71Administration of InstrumentThe researcher including three trained research assistants administered the questionnaire to the school principals and teachers. A total of 1305 questionnaire was administered, 1200 were collecte d back and found suitable for an analysis. regularity of Data Analysis soaked and rank order statistics were used in analyzing the four research questions raised. The criterion mean of 2.5 was adopted. z-test statistics was used in testing the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha take.CHAPTER FOURRESULTS AND railleryThis chapter focused on the results and discussion of findings obtained in this study.One thousand two hundred copies of the questionnaire were retrieved and found suitable for analysis. dodge 4.1 dispersion of respondents according to their status.STATUSNo. AdministeredNo. collectedPercentage ReturnPrincipals3737100%Teachers1268116392%Total13051200Research Question 1 To what extent is the policy on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in senior secondary schools in Rivers state implement? duck 4.2 Mean (X), mean set and rank order of principals and teachers on the extent of policy on the implementation of information and communication technology (ICT) in Ri vers State.S/NItems Teachers N = 1163Principals N = 37Mean setRankRemark1.Development of skills through the use of computers3.182.843.015thHigh extent2 example of Computer to enhance productivity2.693.032.86sixth ascertain extent3.Effective teaching by teachers through the use of computers3.063.083.074thHigh extent4. groundwork of effective human capital through the use of computers2.983.293.142ndHigh extent5Students learn effectively through the use of computers3.133.083.113rdHigh extent6.Ease teachers workload through the use of berth point2.582.572.588thModerate extent7.Increased individualization of learning by students through the use of ICT2.862.652.76seventhModerate extent8.Students exposure to the rudiments of computer literacy3.373.113.241stHigh extentAGREEMENT2.982.962.97Source Field Research, 2015.Table 4.2 shows an core mean of 2.97 for both principals and teachers, the highest mean scores of 3.24, 3.14, 3.11, 3.07, 3.01, 2.86, 2.76 and 2.58 were ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th respectively having means above the criterion mean of 2.5 were evaluate indicating that school administrators to a moderate extent implement policy on the use of information and communication technology in Rivers State.Research Questions 2 What is the extent of implementation of policy on the universalization of Junior Secondary Education in Rivers State.Table 4.3 Mean (X), mean set and rank order of principals and teachers on the extent of policy on the universalization of younger secondary education in Rivers State.S/NItems Teachers N = 1163Principals N = 37Mean setRankRemark9.Disarticulation of JSS from SSS2.723.162.946thModerate extent10.Provision of free and compulsory basic education2.943.353.152ndHigh extent11.Compulsory nine eld of primary(a) and junior secondary education2.942.492.728thModerate extent12.Emphasis on curriculum diversification2.823.193.015thHigh extent13.Automatic transition from primary to Junior secondary education3.172.863.02 4thHigh extent14.Restructuring the school system2.983.243.113rdHigh extent15.Students gets more experience in advance speak to senior secondary3.342.973.161stHigh extent16.Few students to a teacher in the classroom2.603.112.867thModerate extentAGGREGATE2.943.052.99Table 4.3 shows an aggregate mean of 2.99 for both principals and teachers, the high mean scores of 3.16, 3.15, 3.11, 3.02, 3.01, 2.94, 2.86 and 2.72 were ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th respectively having means above the criterion mean of 2.5 were current indicating that universalization of junior secondary education to a moderate extent in public senior secondary schools in Rivers State is implemented and so accepted.Research Question 3 To what extent is the policy on professionalization of the teaching profession in Rivers State implemented?Table 4.4 mean score, mean set and rank order of principals and teachers on the extent of the policy on professionalization of the teaching profession in Rivers State.S/NItems Teachers N = 1163Principals N = 37Mean setRankRemark17.Continuous teacher professional development3.022.272.656thModerate extent18.Compulsory training of non-professional teachers3.012.702.864thModerate extent19.Must be registered with the professional bodies in Nigeria2.583.052.825thModerate extent20.Improvement of quality education at all trains2.612.542.587thModerate extent21.Development of in-service training3.112.923.013rdHigh extent22.Recruitment of only professional teachers3.082.973.022ndHigh extent23.Regular exposure to innovations in the profession3.013.053.031stHigh extent24.Development of knowledge and skills through mastery of subject matter2.612.412.518thModerate extentAGGREGATE2.892.742.82Table 4.4 shows an aggregate mean of 2.82 for both principals and teachers, the high mean scores of 3.03, 3.02, 3.01, 2.86, 2.82, 2.65, 2.58 and 2.51 were ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 7th and 8th respectively having means above the criterion mean of 2.5 were accep ted indicating that the policy on professionalization of the teaching profession in Rivers State to a moderate extent will support teachers get a worthy experience and impart sound educational morals to the students.Research Question 4 To what extent is the policy on school-based management in Rivers State implemented?Table 4.5 mean scores, mean set and rank order of principals and teachers on the implementation of the policy on school based management in Rivers State.S/NItems Teachers N = 1163Principals N = 37Mean setRankRemark25.To facilitate school effectiveness2.793.223.012ndHigh extent26Co-operation amongst school and community3.022.782.906thModerate extent27.Improved infrastructures in schools2.422.782.608thModerate extent28.Provision of money to cover track costs2.892.972.935thModerate extent29Committed community support can enhance accountability3.123.003.061stHigh extent30. part to school planning3.092.812.954thModerate extent31.Provision of support to school activitie s2.633.292.963rdModerate extent32.Regular access to public funds3.092.702.897thModerate extentAGGREGATE 2.882.942.91Source field Research, 2015Table 4.5 shows that with an aggregate mean of 2.91 for both principals and teachers, items 29, 25, 31, 30, 28, 26, 32 and 27 ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th 7th and 8th in a descending order respectively, they were therefore accepted indicating moderate extent on how the school-based management policy has encouraged communities and schools to work co-operatively in enhancing educational growth and development in the state.Ho1 There is no significant difference in the midst of the mean scores of school principals and teachers on the extent policy on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in pubic secondary schools in Rivers State is implemented.Table 4.6 Summary of z-test on the difference between teachers and principals on the extent of implementation of policy on the integration of information and communication techn ology (ICT) in public senior secondary schools in Rivers State. stipulationNo. of RespondentsXS.DDF aim of significancez-calz-critRemarkTeachers11632.980.9811980.050.11+1.96There is no significant differencePrincipals372.961.08Table 4.6 shows that the z-calculated of 0.11 is less than the z-critical value of + 1.96 at 0.05 level of significance with a degree of freedom of 1198. The null opening is therefore accepted, meaning there is no significant difference between the mean order of principals and teachers on the extent policy on the use of ICT is implemented in senior secondary schools in Rivers State.H02 There is no significant difference between the mean scores of school principals and teachers on the extent policy on the universalization of junior secondary education in Rivers State is implemented.Table 4.7 Summary of z-test on the difference between teachers and principals on the extent of implementation of policy on the universalization of junior secondary education in Riv ers State. positioningNo. of respondentsXS.DDFLevel of significancez-calz-critRemarkTeachers11632.941.0511980.050.66+1.96There is no significant differencePrincipals373.050.99The result from the table shows that, the z-calculated value (-0.66) is less than the z-critical value of (+1.96). The null hypothesis is therefore accepted, indicating no significant difference between the mean rating of principals and teachers on the extent of implementation of policy on the universalization of junior secondary education in Rivers State.Ho3 There is no significant difference between the mean scores of school principals and teachers on the extent policy on professionalizaiton of the teaching profession in Rivers State is implemented.Table 4.8 Summary of z-test on the difference between teachers and principals on the extent of implementation of policy on professionalizaiton of the teaching profession in Rivers State.StatusNo. of respondentsXS.DDFLevel of significancez-calz-critRemarkTeachers116 32.891.0211980.050.78+1.96There is no significant differencePrincipals372.741.15The result from the table shows that the z-calculated value (0.78) is less than the z-critical value (+ 1.96). The null hypothesis is therefore accepted indicating no significant difference between the mean ratings of principals and teachers on the extent of policy on professionalization of the teaching profession in Rivers State is implemented.Ho4 There is no significant difference between the mean scores of principals and teachers on the extent school-based management policy in Rivers State is implemented.Table 4.9 Summary of z-test on the difference between teachers and principals on the extent of implementation of school-based management policy in Rivers State.StatusNo. of respondentsXS.DDFLevel of significancez-calz-critRemarkTeachers11632.881.0511980.050.33+1.96There is no significant differencePrincipals372.941.08The result from the table shows that the z-calculated value of -0.33 is less than the z-critical value of + 1.96. The null hypothesis is therefore accepted, meaning that there is no significant difference between the mean score of principals and teachers on the implementation of the school-based management policy in Rivers State.DISCUSSION OF FINDING/IMPLICATIONSThe main aim of this study was to assess the implementation of education policy changes in senior secondary schools in Rivers State. In other words, the mathematical function of the study was to capture the extent of implementation of the different policies introduced as regards teaching and learning. The administration of schools, and the experiences gained. The study addressed the followingImplementation of policy on the use of ICT in senior secondary schools in Rivers State.The answer to research question one revealed that the extent school administrators implement policy on ICT in senior secondary schools in Rivers State is development of knowledge and skills through the use of computer, computer usage enhance productivity. There is effective teaching by teachers through the use of computers, creating of effective human capital through the use of computers, students learn effectively through the use of computers in schools, it eases teachers workload through the use of power point in schools, there is in creased individualization of learning by students through the use of ICT and students are exposed to the rudiments of computer literacy. The respondents agreed on all the items as being adequate and were all accepted. The findings considered ensures that all the items were strongly accepted as ICT inculcation in the school curriculum will help improve students learning and teachers effectiveness majority of the respondents totally agreed on the extent to which ICT policy implementation in schools will lend to high level of development, and their roles on managing the implementation of such policies. The result of hypothesis one shows that there is no significant difference between the mean scores of school principals and teachers on the extent to which they do implement policy changes. The above is in line with Adeosun (2010196) who observed that the major objective is to develop computer and technological literacy through the base of computers in secondary schools similar to what has been done in many other countries including turkey and morocco.The implication to policy makers is that school administrators have high regard for ICT integration in secondary schools, the lack of and inadequacy of ICT equipments and facilities might undermine the achievement of policy goals or frustrate the implementation of such policy. According to Ekoro, (2011) facilities are plants, buildings and equipments which enable people to carryout their activities effectively. This implies that ICT integration in secondary schools will develop such society if the necessary equipments and facilities are provided to enable people carryout their activities effectively. According to A domi, Okiy and Ruteyan (2003), the absence of ICT equipments in most Nigerian schools leads students to resort to cybercafs for internet access. ICT application and use will prove beneficial in improving Nigerias educational system and bounteous students a better education. A technologically advance workforce will lead to ICT growth in Nigeria, with the potential to improve military technology and tele communication theory, media communications and skilled CT professionals who will be well-equipped to solve IT problems in Nigeria and other parts of the could (Goshit, 2006).Implementation of policy on universalization of junior secondary education.The answer to research question two on the extent of implementation of the policy on the universalization of junior secondary education in Rivers State areFew students to a teacher in the classroom, there is free and compulsory basic education, there is automatic transition from primary to junior secondary education, compulsory, uninterrup ted nine years of primary and junior secondary education, disarticulation of junior secondary School from senior secondary school, provision of free and compulsory basic education, students gets more experience before proceeding to senior secondary and restructuring the secondary school system. The results of the study presented, shows the importance of the perceived relevance of the universal basic education policy in the school system. The results of hypothesis two indicated no significant difference between the mean scores of principals and teachers on the extent of implementati

Womens Marital Rights in Thomas Hardys The Woodlanders :: Hardy Woodlanders Essays

Womens Marital Rights in Thomas Hardys The WoodlandersThomas Hardys novels focus on the difficulties of relationships between men and women, especially married men and women. In his preface to The Woodlanders, Hardy poses the question of given the piece and woman, how to find a basis for their sexual relation (Hardy 39). With this in mind, the reader meets Grace Melbury, a green woman of marrying age, who is betrothed by circumstances beyond her control, to a man named Giles Winterbourne. When the young and mysterious doctor, Edred Fitzpiers catches Graces eye, Hardys question of sexual compatibilities is addressed. Grace and Fitzpiers find themselves mutually attracted to whiz another, and Giles loses Graces affection. In time, Grace and Fitzpiers are married. Yet this union is soon challenged by Fitzpiers secret affair with the powerful Felice Charmond. Grace learns of Edreds adultery, and is angered and humiliated. With the prompting of her father, Grace is laboured to evalua te her marriage. At this time, they hear about the so-called new law, which would possibly allow for her to divorce Fitzpiers, and re-engage in her courtship with Winterbourne. This law in question, The dissever and Matrimonial Causes act of 1857, proves not to be a solution to Graces dilemma. Prior to the Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act of 1857, divorce in England was regulated by the ecclesiastic Courts. Marriage was a permanent state of being for the most part. The Church granted divorces only with the addition of a private act of Parliament, an extensive and expensive procedure therefore, before 1857, only the very wealthy had access to marital termination. The Act of 1857 created the Probate and Divorce Court in London. The law allowed a man to divorce his wife for adultery, but a womans request for a divorce would only be granted if her husband practiced cruelty, bigamy, incest, and/or bestiality along with adultery. Women could obtain a separation for desertion of more than two years, as well as adultery or cruelty. A deserted wife could also apply for rights of her own property, something not completely legal until 1870. If a woman could not afford the expenses of a divorce procedure, she could only be granted a separation from her husband. Although a good first step, this law still held many limitations for women. The Married Womens Property Acts of 1870 and 1882 favored womens marital rights.

Energy Flow Systems :: essays research papers

Energy Flow SystemsRichard lily-whites Organic Machine, and William Cronons Changes in theLand, both examine environments as zip conflate dodges. The energy flow modelwas utilized by the authors to explain relationships within ecosystems.Richard Whites thesis is to examine the river as an organic machine, asan energy system that, although modified by human intervention, maintains itsnatural, its unmade qualities. White emphasizes on energy because it is auseful concept that can be easily understood. He says, the flow of the riveris energy, so is the electricity that comes from the dams that block that flow.Human labor is energy so are the calories that are stored as generative by salmon fortheir journey upstream. White notes that energy is as concrete as salmon,human bodies, and the Grand Coulee Dam. White wants his readers to think aboutnature and its relationship with humanity.White explains how the river is energy. The Columbia River works asgravity pulls it to the Pacific O cean. The Columbia is continuously cuttinginto the terrain that it flows through. Over millions of years water rushedthrough the Columbia Basin to form the Columbia River. body of water carries soil, silt,and debris downstream. The constant movement of material in the river cuts andshapes the river basin into the land. This movement is a slow and inefficientuse of energy. According to White, only two per centum of waters potential energyresults in the work of erosion. The other ninety-eight percent of waters energywas lost as water molecules rub against themselves, the river bed, and the riverbanks. This energy was released as instigate into the river.Often the energy of flowing water was not recognized. There areoccasions when rivers do show their power is destructive ways. Power wasusually exhibit through floods, and more so in flash floods. Thousands ofyears ago, an ice dam in the Columbia River, holding the glacial lake Missoula,broke and created the largest known fresh wate r flood in earths history. Theflood rushed into the Columbia Channel and created the Grand Coulee and otherrock channels that would have taken the Mississippi River three 100 years atfull flood to create.Salmon are also a part of the Colombian energy model. As the riverworks its way descending(prenominal) to the Pacific Ocean, the salmon work their way up theColumbia to spawn. The energy in salmon can be measured by their body fat andcaloric value. Salmon start their run upstream prepared for the long hard run.Their bodies have stored fat and oil after a year expenditure of feeding at sea.

Relationships and Marriage - Couples Should Live Together before Getting Married :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Couples Should Live Together beforehand Getting Married In my mothers house it was neer discussed whether I should live with someone before marriage. In my culture, you are not allowed to live together until after you are married. Since I did not have the casualty to live together with my husband while we were dating, it was difficult during our first year of marriage. We argued a lot, mostly because we were afraid of the unknown and the possibility that we had made a mis go. keep together before making our vows would have reassured us about a lifelong commitment. From my own experience, I believe that couples should live together before getting married, so they can start to know each other on a closer, more personal level moreover, they can start sentiment about the compatibility of their future spouse. Couples start knowing each other on a closer, more personal level when they live together, which prepares them for a married lifestyle. For starters, you consu me what your companion likes and dislikes, although this isnt always easy. There is a lot to discover about your partner and from your partner the only way to do this successfully is to move in together. For example, does he like broccoli, female mud wrestling, sleeping with the windows open? Maybe he likes to spend the whole weekend on the couch watching hoops Believe it or not, its little details like these that can often make or break a relationship. Second, you learn what kind of bad habits you and your partner have and whether or not you can get rid of them. I really dont like it when my husband forgets to fill the ice trays, forgets to replace the empty mountain paper holder, or leaves the toilet seat up I, on the other hand, tend to forget to put perishables in the refrigerator after I take them out for cooking, and I leave the clothes in a pile, all wrinkled, when they come out of the dryer. Moreover, you can see how much fun you have with each other and reali ze how much you would miss by not getting married. Try to plan a vacation in advance, have a dinner party date in town after work, or go to the movies on a Wednesday night when you know you have to get up for work the adjacent morning.

Eulogy for Father :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for FatherFor the first time in my life, Ill celebrate Fathers Day this year without my dad. The human beings who had the most influence on the man I became passed away on April 14. Jack was 79.It has been said that the loss of a parent is one of lifes most traumatic events. I now know the devastating truth of that statement. Ive been told that, in time, the hurt will fade, only to be replaced by positive memories that soothe the soul. Already, I can feel that happening.Maybe its because my father and I had a simple and loving relationship. He was a remarkably good man, like many of the inspiring role models and mentors who frequently appear in luxuriant Companys pages. Like them, he was a person of devotion and integrity, a man who understood a hard days work. Yet, unlike most of them, he never had the proceeds of a college education. He worked pretty much his entire life in two places a dye house and a post-office sorting facility.His core accomplishment was family. And as his only child, I was the lucky beneficiary. My father poured vast amounts of love and energy into me during my most formative years. That is why I measure his life in the warehouse of photographs and movies he created for me. It is why I measure it in the size of his hands. Because what I remember most about my father are those sandpaper-rough hands, made furrowed from factory work. From my earliest days, he took my hand in his and we discovered the world together.With his hand in mine, we walked through New Yorks Times Square. We went to Tads Steakhouse, where you could get a T-bone, a baked potato, a hunk of garlic bread, and a tossed salad for $2.79. We went to my grandmothers house on Saturday afternoons for endless games of gin rummy, Parcheesi, and Chinese checkers. We went for long hikes on Sunday afternoons, through the nearby woods. We hitchhiked together. We played music together -- he on a keyboard, me on a drum kit. We strolled the railroad tracks together in Paters on, New Jersey, laying pennies on the rails and waiting for the train to pass so we could use the flattened coins for guitar picks.We fished together, in rowboats, off riverbanks and bridges, in rivers and lakes, with worms and fish eggs, and lures and flies.