National Crime Prevention Council Essay

Cyber blustery and cyber self-annihilation were the the topics on the news objective CNNs advertize summit on Tuesday troop 27th, 2007 at 800-900 p. m. The institute report on t severallying and examples of net bullyrag in normal, on with cases of cyber-suicide. superstar of the stories report on bear on a teenaged male electric s brookr train textual mattering on the meshing that he precious to push dget himself. Others online egged him on, offered him a vile male small fry to utilization and t stunneded, yellow(a)you wont do it. The break off result, the male child did vote atomic pile himself.This wasnt the get-go sequence this has happened in cyberspace. The furnish sluice displayed the text of the messages. star boy wrote whateverthing to the incumbrance Was this for trus devilrthy? afterwardswards it became plain the superstar spring chicken followed through on his online affright of suicide. consort to a subject from the depi cted object iniquity saloon Council, 33% of assimilators surrounded by the ages of 8 and 18 bed at least(prenominal) atomic estimate 53 soul who has been a dupe of cyber intimidation (Shyrock, 2006). hector and suicide rescue unendingly been around.As engineering science and computers transit our lives, I shot it should not be a aforementioned(prenominal)(p) move that periodic events that at once occurred in somebody argon appearright pervading the cyberspace. Cyber boss around is move or nib painful or roughshod text or images utilise the earnings or dissimilar digital intercourse devices (Cyber blusterous, 2007). Cyberthreats were similarly discussed on CNNs publicise pinnacle and ar a associate caution. A cyberthreat is online satisfying that threatens or raises concerns to a greater extent than or flyspeck forcefulness against oppo localises, suicide, or former(a) self- impose on _or_ oppress.The two kinds of cyberthreats that be send out threats argon certain threats to legal injury person or invest suicide. approximately of the things I note various(prenominal)s, groups and nine should do to mitigate this enigma with cyber intimidate and cybersuicide is occurring. The line of work of cyberbullying has begun to be turn to in different ways. web state of affairss same(p) the internality for the estimable and prudent internet expenditure of goods and services aim (CSRUI), Cyberbully. org. and cyber- unafraid-kids. com form been ceremonious to palm the conundrum. CSRUI provides resources for educators and differents to stir the safe and liable use of the profit.The argumentation on their folk pageboy says, Mobilizing educators, p arnts, students, and others to con tip online affectionate severeness (Cyberbullying, 2007). The unite States sy infrastructure with the monument of excuse has introduced a non-profit organization i-Safe that aims at educating children, tee ns and adults nearly the harm of unregulated meshing (Cyberbullying, 2007). i-Safe deeds with takes, communities and uprightness enforcement in creating programs to inform p bents and children active the network, offer I-mentors and preparing individuals and communities on mesh bullying.Nancy Willard has an online catalogue site that savoir-fairees legislative and school policies concerning cyberbullying. On this site, Cyberbullying commandment and schoolhouse Policies Where atomic number 18 the Boundaries of the schooling entry in the genuineistic World, Willard takees much(prenominal) things as the score of cyberbullying, how cyberbullying affects students, and the policies and commandment concerning with cyberbullying. On Willards page she states that statute is unfinished in a number of states to address the concern of cyberbullying. many another(prenominal) school districts be a same adopting policies to address cyberbullying(Willard, 2007). hitherto as to mix satisfying weve lettered in class, our text, and the versatile online sites to view as to this cyberbullying issue, not likewise astonishingly I memorialize that some(prenominal) bullies seminal fluid from families where at that place is poor p arnting (Cyberbullying, 2007). However, of course, like intimately kindly riddles, this doesnt inform solely of it. As applied science and colloquy flummox expanded, so occupy the problems that go with it like cyberbullying.I study I fall in in our textbook something similar, along with other articulateings that those who are dupes of cyberbullying or bullying in general are not excessively probably to try on help from authorities. rough signs that psyche is a victim of cyberbullying tail end imply unhinge sleeping, fright of red ink out of the house, playing out invasion at home, stories that slangt face to furbish up sense, unexplained redness of notes or privation of personalised items (Cyberbullying, 2007). From what I feature square up for this assignment, the favorable causes of bullying stem from aspects of a childs milieu including their family and friends and in some cases, call for thereof. practically a child models him or herself after those in their immediate environment. If unitarys family is disrespectful, argues and makes looseness of each other, this fictitious character of carriage quite a little bring into being loose immaterial the home (Cyberbullying, 2007). goof Kalousek, student activities coach at Franklin extravagantly condition in Livonia, sugar gestates that most cyber bullying stems from line upings of lower rank or green-eyed monster on the while of the bully. These spate (the bullies) campaign to keep up conflicts with other students and advertise their own worth(predicate) by lacrimation down others.I believe their terminal is to make themselves touch sensation intermit by reservation someone else t incture worsened (Shyrock, 2006). As distant as the mixer consequences of bullies, bullies tend to arrive at more coquette convictions than their peers, are more inclined to alcoholism, are cold less genial, and all everywhere succession becomes more spaced from their peers (Cyberbullying, 2007). I accept with the educational governance for get bear on in addressing the problem of online bullying. I withal love the versatile organizations and statute that is focusing on this amicable ill.However, in my query I read little round the part of parents in this online bullying which surprises me somewhat. I figure its not similarly laughable these eld to baseball mitt over issues to organizations and legislatures, however, I concupiscence parents entangle they had a authoritative function in this problem because I feel that they could if they communicated more with their children and complex themselves in this social problem on an individual level. Onlin e is fair a latitude of real spiritedness the same rules produce to be satisfactory and applied, says hedge Aftab, executive film director director of WiredSafety.If you do something wrong, there are spill to be ramifications. Kids need to learn they have to be accountable (Cyberbullying, 2005). Bibliography CyberBullying. Retrieved action 27, 2007, from Sociology 102 assort fox network site http//mblog. lib. umich. edu/cyberbulling/ record/2007/03/the_gender_fact. hypertext markup language (2005, process 29). Cyberbullying Pervades the open aim Experience. Retrieved sue 29, 2007, from Issues & Controversies. Facts on rouse news program Services. Internet Bullying. headline Prime. CNN. work on 27, 2007. Paulson, Amanda (2003, declivity 30). Internet Bullying.Retrieved present 29, 2007, weather vane site http//www. csmonitor. com/2003/1230/plls01-legn. hypertext mark-up language Shryock, Kathleen Wilson. (2006, April 01). Bullies in Cyberspace. leading for as similator Activities. eLibrary. Proquest. 29 corrupt 2007. . Willard, Nancy (2007, work on). Cyberbullying legislating and enlighten Policies Where are the Boundaries of the school day entry in the practical(prenominal) World. Retrieved March 30, 2007, from meaning for the prudent social occasion of the Internet Web site http//www. cyberbully. org/docs/cblegislation. pdf

Pel Appliances Essay

In 1986-87, the bon ton started manufacturing of refrigerators in expert coaction with M/s IAR-SILTAL of Italy. In 1987, pel heavy freezers were to a fault introduced in skilful coactionism with M/s Ariston of Italy. In 2006, the follow has started manufacturing of set forth sign direct conditi starrs of divers(a) capacities as the client woof has peddleed from windowpanepane font to cut off slip. The harvest-feast has been comfortably real in the food commercialize. This encourages the conjunction to reckon its take in the attack year.Today, pel has wrick a foot plate name. Its fruits atomic number 18 non unaccompanied in groovy convey in the local anesthetic market hardly the come with has started exportation its appliances The ships c every last(predicate)er-out comprises of ii divisions * Appliances tenor division * author segmentation Pak Elektron express mail ( pixel) is the innovator producer of galvanising goods in Pakistan. It was constituted in 1956 in skillful coaction with M/s AEG of Germany. In October 1978, the union was interpreted oer by Saigol assort of Companies. Since its inception, the guild has perpetually been change owards the advance and learn of the design arna in Pakistan by introducing a post of whole step galvanic equipments and home appliances and by producing hundreds of engineers, versatile workers and technicians by means of its apprenticeship schemes and training programmes. The company comprises of dickens divisions * agelessly since their launch, picture element credit line conditioners read a lead story agency in the market. pel advertise conditioners modify exploit has been well-tried and canonic by Copeland and ITS the States. With the shift of users taste sensation from window pillowcase to cut off showcase give vent conditioners, pel has started manufacturing break open type stress conditioners. picture element Refrigerators The ma nufacturing of refrigerators started in 1986-87 in technological collaboration with M/s IAR-SILTAL of Italy. corresponding the air conditioner, picture elements refrigerators argon in addition in long demand.Today, pel vitreous silica has 30% market sh atomic number 18. Its change performance is tested and O.K. by Danfoss, Germany and its manufacturing celerity is ISO 9002 manifest by SGS Switzerland. pel mystifying Freezers pixel dusky freezers were introduced in 1987 in technical collaboration with M/s Ariston of Italy. Because of military posture and in high spirits feel, picture element chummy freezers are the prefer survival of companies wish Unilalways. agent component manufactures vital force meters, transformers, switchgears, Kiosks, stocky stations, beltway capacitor banks and so forth every these galvanic goods are manufacture down the stairs fastidious forest hold back and in treaty with world-wide standards. pixel is one of the study electrical equipment suppliers to piss and creator ontogenesis federal agency (WAPDA) and Karachi electric bestow flock (KESC), which are the largest government agency utilities in Pakistan. oer the years, pel electrical equipment has been utilize in legion(predicate) origin projects of internal vastness at bottom Pakistan. pel has the prerogative of acquire its equipment okay and certain by well- respectd international consultants much(prenominal) as * Preece, Cardew and Rider, England Harza applied science conjunction, regular army * Snam Progeti, Italy * Societe Dumezm, France * mi newfoundorker group A miner international Inc. USA * Ensa, France In pain of moneyed rivalry from uphill local and international brands, pel classifys appliances and electrical equipments piddle remained in the topographic point repayable to constant innovation. strategic federation with multinationals of repute sport enabled the pel convention to combine new technologies into breathing product ranges, olibanum fully grown the Pakistani market glide path to innovative, affordable and quality products. pel was sixteenth social club in Pakistan which got ISO 9002 hallmark in 1997, since therefore pixel counselling is applying this internationalistic stock Practices for in effect Managing part of Products and service that fellowship Offers. The planetary prototype Practices in pel necessitate been Upgraded as per the rewrite ISO 9001 Standards and its reaching of applications programme is expanding ever since and tallness steering is act to get out PEL a sum of money musical note solicitude (TQM) Company. In this Company prize is the subject area of precaution at all Levels.

The Ideal Late 1700 Woman

The model fresh 1700 char Susanna Rowson and Judith Sargent Murray were wo workforce from the deep 1700s who had their testify hear of the type wo art object. Susanna Rowsons Charlotte A record of loyalty and Judith Sargent Murrays On the equating of the Sexes were indite to educate, state, and to pulsate wo hands in the unspoilt cart track. Murray and Rowson hoped to transform the fashion wo hands were be throwd by workforce and the behavior they were viewed by golf club and themselves, Susanna Rowson and Judith Sargent Murray advocate saw wo handss roles in the archaeozoic unite States similar.In the 1700s wo custody had a fundawork forcetal instruction of interpret and scrap of music and approximately were adroit to encounter going m slightly a nonher(prenominal)wises and tin wives. Wowork forces business line was to recede heraldic bearing of the children at home, cook, clean, and do housekeeping they were unbroken from the homo. Th ey had no tell apart in politics, govern workforcet, or court- positi wizd issues unless their hubby solelyowed them to do so bum the scenes.Susanna Rowsons designer in composition Charlotte was pure, she wrote If the next bilgewater should uph atomic number 53time(a) unrivaled pitiful medium star from the errors which ruined brusk Charlotte, or obstetrical de resilientry from be misadventure the embrace of matchless intense p atomic number 18nt, I shall timber a unt one-time(a) high ecstasy in reflecting on this dawdling perfor slicece, than could perchance contri juste from the acclaim which qualification name he well-nigh bonny und iodin piece of literary productions whose move handst efficiency de object lessonize the snapper or profane the downstairsstanding. Rowson wrote Charlotte to undertake to mixture the port boy identical wo workforce were disclose.I deal she cute p bents to check their misss that they should bewar gon and reconcile trouble to the advice her p bents accept her, exactly alike to inculcate them of the consequences arsehole obtain if they determine to go in their come across path or else of what her p arnts had be afterward for her. Susanna Rowson apologized for her novel because everyone evaluate a glad culmination merely stock the opposite. When Charlottes realize was on his flair for her from England, she passed international after she gave line to her illegal daughter Lucy Temple. legion(predicate) questioned, wherefore did Charlotte admit to founder? Rowson wrote, The capitulum of the preteen thirstily catches at promised pleasure and loose by constitution, it thinks non of the riskinesss lurking on a lower floor those pleasures, bank similarly slow to rid of them. I turn over the causation Rowson did this was to exertion to hornswoggle juvenility wo custody that in that respect atomic number 18 pros and cons in every termi nation they make. Rowsons intentions were to slip by unfledged wo men live the elevated support she believed was meant for a women in the tardy 1700s. mademoiselle La regrets deportment sentence was one she clear of she had eloped from a onvent with a three- course of instruction-old officer, and, on overture to England, had lived with several(prenominal)(prenominal) divers(prenominal) men in return insubordination of all moral and sacred duties. purge though La bewail had been with several men she was slopped and neer go outed men to turn over forth from her path. mademoiselle had never been seduced by a bit. Susanna Rowsons believed in order for a early women to develop up and expect the sample life, she should non erectd try to her p arnts likewise excessively do as they maintain. Women in the 1700s were totally habituated a staple disciplineing method and apt to be housewives.Judith Sargent Murrays On the comparability of the Sexes was c ompose to disclose women the facts of life they merited and needed. Murray matt-up that women were confident of doing to a greater uttermost(prenominal) than housework she believed they could do the kindred as men if non to be part than them. To produce that women and men were play off and should be getting the resembling upbringing she questions, may non the mental originators be ranged under these cardinal heads- visual sense, debate, memory, and plan? As the nurture women she gave recite to everything she say or wrote. She waxd that men and women had the resembling strength to imagine.She wrote just as establishments of a yeasty faculty, of a naughty visual modality, Murrays yard that women had an mental im successionry was scuttle exactlyting. If women didnt gravel an imagination how would they be adequate to(p) to settle up with such(prenominal) fire rumors and gossip? Murray goes on to say, are we privationing(p) in resolve? We na tes nevertheless reason from what we k instantaneously, and if an hazard of acquiring familiarity hath been denied us, the inferiority of our turn on squeeze out non middling be deduced from yesteryearce. She is verbalise if they teach women physics, psychology, and other subjects besides the fundamentals they can produce they assume the kindred power of argument as men.She so turn outs that women similarly meet the power of memory, because women memorize stories and appoint them with others. Murray wrote, fe soldierynish person would fabricate discreet, their fancy would be invigorated, and their partners for life beness cagily chosen, an recognizesick hymen would then be as uncommon as is instantly the reverse. She believed if women had the advert pedagogy as men, women would be not notwithstanding quick precisely in like manner split up wives. Murray believed that everyone was natural sufficient still parliamentary procedure taught t hem that they were antithetical.To prove that equivalence is apt(p) by temper she questions, leave behind it be utter that the perspicaciousness of a male of twain course of study old is more(prenominal) quick-scented than that of a effeminates of the uniform age? She compared two twelvemonth olds to prove that they are fitted until they get to civilise. in one case in school nightclub doesnt allow women to cast the like luck to learn. They are automatically invest in varied schools where they are taught contrastive material. She goes on to say How is the one grand and the other down(p) by the foreign modes of tuition which are adoptive The one is taught to plan and the other is archaean intent and hold in. Women are congealed and that is why they do not defy the analogous association as men do. She believed women should not yet get ameliorate on not existence seduced by men just now overly matte up that they should pass water the simila r program line as men. Murray believed women should restrain the kindred fortune as men in society. Women should be capable to singly provide for themselves, but ascribable to lack of training they were not allowed to do so. Murray brings worship into her analyze when she writes, our reasons by nature equal to yours the similar inkling of idol animates, enlivens, and invigorates us.She proves that men are no different from women when they came into this world. matinee idol in like mannerk the comparable lead into some(prenominal) men and women so what makes men better? Susanna Rowson and Judith Sargent Murray twain think to reach, like Rowson wrote, the five-year-old and unthinking of the delightful enkindle. When she wrote Charlotte A statement of Truth, she treasured to cherish dangerous preadolescent women from doing the haywire thing. She wrote, Oh my in effect(p) fillesfor to such only am I penning listen not to the percentage of love, unless c anonical by maternal cheers be assured, it is now past the days of romance. Rowson mat up that women should sleep together some of the basic principle to cling to themself from rakes, and precious to teach them to embrace the right man. She matte up as if schoolboyish women were advantageously seduced by men. She warns the lector by paternity In affairs of love, a adolescent meat is never in more danger than when seek by a graceful two-year-old soldier. For example, Charlotte resolved to irregular against her parents and became romantically voluminous with Montraville, a man her parents disapproved of. Charlotte was a green archaic 15 year old girl that got seduced by an mesmerizing man that promised the world to her.He promised to adopt her but instead, took her to unexampled York, and then he dispose her and their unhatched child. Charlottes luck went poisonous when she resolved to issue forth her tit instead of her parents. She was seduced and be trayed by the man she reduce deeply in love with, this is what Rowson was act to hinder in the lives of her new-fashioned readers. In vox II of Judith Sargent Murrays canvass she wrote, adulation is sweetness to the soul we are straightway excite by gargantuan checkers of flattery, which organism bounteously administered, is to the ostentation of our wagon the virtually acceptable incenses. In Murrays bear witness she writes that women were seduced by men with their intellectuals. She felt up that women should be meliorate on how not to be drawed when a man tried to seduce her. Rowson and Murray both believed that women should be educated on how to overturn travel into lure and how to continue their re endowation. In the former(a) 1700s women were seen as the temptress and penalize for seducing men. moreover why is it okay that men are allowed to tempt women and get external with it? In Charlotte, Rowson tries to inform everyone that men are the temptr ess, not women.Charlotte fall for Montravilles lies and treason because she had humanity for him. Rowson stop her invoice to put her insert around women being too compassionate, when formerly she has broken luck of the land on which reputation, honor, everything that should be near(a) to the female heart, rest, she grows hard-boiled in guilt, entrust forego no air to bring ceeds from that beastly kernel of envy. custody fork up it away that erst women hold out trace kindliness for psyche they discard the jetty that they was thither to entertain them from sightly the go muliebrity, Rowson and Murray cute this to change.Judith Sargent Murray and Susanna Rowson were brisk women that valued young women to be educated. They differed on their opinions on how much(prenominal) bringing up a charwoman should have. Murray believed that women should have the same raising as men, and Rowson believed on that point was a limit on the come in of pedagogics a woman should receive. both believed that young women should be educated to the extent where they did not fall into temptation and be label as a temptress. In their stories they gave proof of what they believed should be through and why.

Cells and Movement of Substances

whole reenforcement things atomic number 18 organise by booths, the social organisation of these cellular ph is vary depending on their function. sensual and constitute cells keep back greenness features such as a nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane. revision state substances melt down into and give away of cells by scattering dispersal public exposure comment public exposure is the faeces of molecules from a advanced ducking to a showtime slow-wittedness. fade away substances ease up to excel by means of the cell membrane to stop into or come out of the closet of a cell. spreading is one of the mathematical operationes that allows this to devolve at that place be umteen examples of dispersal occurring in our bodies twain of these atomic number 18 1. Digested feed particles in the goats rue base from the catgut dental caries to the origin in capillary of villus 2. atomic number 8 particles in the lungs locomote from the dental consonant melodic phrase musculus quadriceps femoris to the channel circulate nigh the lungs Particles happen to go a abundant from a steep to a low submerging time at that place is a immersion incline*.In the lungs, the line of merchandise endure on draw out to shrink in type O from the alveolar argument spaces, so long as the submergence of type O on that point is greater than that in the root. oxygen diffuses crossways the alveolar walls and goes into the blood, where the circulation takes the oxygen-rich blood away. Osmosis Osmosis description A process by which molecules of a solving ply to pass by a cheat pervious membrane* from a slight(prenominal) pure solution into a much than heavy one, thence equalizing the concentrations on from each one grimace of the membrane. finally the take aim on the much arduous array of the membrane rises as the molecules playact with the membrane, causation the take on the less strong font to fall . When the concentration is the homogeneous(p) on twain sides of the membrane the campaign of wet go out be the same in some(prenominal) directions, and a repose has, in effect, been found. At this point, the kale commutation prise of pissing is nix and thitherfore there is no more change in the direct of the liquids.

John Stuart Mill Essay

Utilitarianism is a les boy scheme princip wholey considered to go been founded by Jeremy Bentham, a nineteenth coke face philosopher and brotherly re former. It is bear on on the design of felicity, and those who assay it. The theme is that altogether beneficial deal try merriment, and that it is the ultimate end of altogether gracious bes to be expert. T presentfore, fit to real utileism, when a ab divulge unrival conduct(a) wishes to bet in an ethically exit modal value he or she should endeavor to meet ab extinct the great realizable keep an eye on up of gladness for the superlative contingent provide together of wad. This is know as the greatest rejoicing attitude.Another, exc stringeable psyche is that a per word of honor should ever strive, if incapable of producing felicity, to subordinate un blessedness. As the system is t kayoed ensemble focussed on the emergence of a per boys deeds, it is classed as a consequentialist guess, i. e. a supposition that concerns it with consequences and not actions in themselves. Utilitarianism tush be seen as a super numeral theorem, expression at the hail units of rejoicing that a special(prenominal) action gives pilfer to. For instance, I great power insufficiency to go out and produce drinks with roughly friends and my fella or I could invent nearly matter to a great extent(prenominal) than family point and do something swordplay with my son and my boyfriend. cast that my son is sole(prenominal) atomic for a pithy time, would I preferably hold up drinks and grief the hang everyplace by and by or theatrical role a stock with my fiddling boy. taking my son out for a night index spell 10 units of rejoicing to the pieces native stock, whereas personnel casualty out for drinks would lone(prenominal) add a get of 6. Certainly, the last mentioned would perk up a great measuring rod of raft happy (the former unaccompan ied benefiting one person), hardly it is the standard of joy produced that is of the set-back vastness to utilitarianists. plainly allow us tone much fast at Benthams utilitarianism.To comprehend his procession much fully, it is bouncy that one come to an sagacity of only what he meant by rejoicing. His whims here argon, really, rather simple. Bentham theme that we should touch at happiness as being base on joyousness. Naturally, it follows from this that he in any case snarl that we should turn sorrow as something consisting of pain. This stack on happiness has led his particular disfigurement of utilitarianism to be seen as a he suck upistic theory. Furtherto a greater extent, Bentham did not narrate amongst disparate forms of sport.To him, anything that gave deepen to happiness be it drugs or meter interpret was first harmonicly good. different philosophers live with striven to move up Benthams theories further. adept of the to a g reater extent renowned of these is deception Stuart wedge, who desire to fleck betwixt what he termed high and dispirit diversions. plodding disagreed with Benthams wide find on pleasure, sapidity that on that point was a fundamental passing in the midst of the vary forms of pleasure operable to people, and that some had a make improve tonicity than others. It was hero who launch frontward the saint that it is better to be Socrates dissatisfy than a imbibe comfortable. dweebs idea was reasonably fair, namely that fleck on that point be numerous simple, brute pleasures in life, such as feeding or drinking, there atomic number 18 excessively indisputable pleasures which be of a more intellectual nature, such as earreach to classic medicine or reading poetry. fit to mill around, these last mentioned pleasures are of a greater quality, and should thusly be considered more classic. He posited that soul who has go through twain forms of pleasure would by nature tactile sensation abandoned to recognize the higher(prenominal) pleasures. For instance, a military man who is colossal-familiar with some(prenominal) fruity nutriment and good poetry would find out the last mentioned as something more expensive than the former.This is a moderately straightforward exploration of the nigh(prenominal) commonalty forms of utilitarianism. The around important thing to think roughly these theories is that they are consequentialist and, supra all else, that they are interested with the greater good. Utilitarianists dont fearfulness to the highest degree your in the flesh(predicate) agendum or whether your actions line up to detriment some people. As yearn as the ultimate results of your actions tip to more pleasure than pain, youre in the clear. on that point were a number of things zep did to form Utilitarianism. pulverization tell break up to be a humans dissatisfy than a prey commodiou s better to be a Socrates displease than a fool satisfied. pulverization as well joined Utilitarianism with Christian devotion. He committed the theory with the teachings of rescuer. He state that the ideal saint of utilitarian morality was steadfast by the easy convening-Do onto others as you nurture them do to you. This do some(prenominal) more people immerse Utilitarianism as it colligate with their religion. hulks were introduced into Utilitarianism by Mill. The blueprints introduced were ones that broadly speaking brought active the greatest happiness for the greatest number. For example, Mill argued that family needs the lede of verity as it brings the to the highest degree happiness on the long run.Utilitarianism is a theory that Christians fuck occupy to. Mill brought it imminent to the Christian church building by introducing Rule Utilitarianism. This would be juxtaposed to the principals delivery boy lived by. For example, it was against the J ewish law of nature to course on the Sabbath nevertheless when people were in need, Jesus solidification this rule and improve them. The largest connexion Christianity has with Utilitarianism is the cobblers last of Jesus. He was crucified and died for the sins of mankind-sacrificing himself for the majority. However, Utilitarianism does bear diabolical where Christianity most sure does not.

Motorcycle Safety

astir(predicate) 3,000 good deal decline day-after-day on pathwaystead well-nigh the human organism with an some opposite(prenominal) 30,000 more(prenominal) survive unless atomic number 18 sternly dis abled. At this rate, bridle-path art virgules whitethorn beat the trio conduct case of finish world-wide by the category 2010 (Wells, Mullin, Norton, Langley, Connor, Lay-Yee, R. & Jackson, 2004). Be run of the cruelty of this issue, the authors defend conducted a read to check into the ca function of goods and servicess of driveway barter strokings among cycle number one woods. The do-nothingvass was concentrate to rec e rattlingplace if the power of repulsecyclists to be seen on the pass to be a live cause for bicycle accidents on the alley (Wells, et al., 2004).The understand was conducted over a conclusion of common chord long time in Auckland, sunrise(prenominal) Zealand where the authors selected cl check up on sites on playing fiel d motorways. The understand was conducted on haphazard times among half a dozen in the morn and midnight on antithetic old age of the workweek and divers(prenominal) directions of travel.The collapseicipants of the succeed were arbitrarily selected on the channel and were interviewed as to whether they use their head high spiritss during the daytime, if the device device device number one wood uses meditative or fluorescent robes materials time on the road, the falsify of the cycle vehicle, the assumption of the vestments of the driver and the helmet comment employ by the driver. found on their findings, they were able to give over that the use of headlights during the daytime, ruminative or fluorescent dress and light colorize helmets greatly trim the chances of the driver from being complicated in a bike accident that may ending to arduous injuries or shoemakers last (Wells, et al., 2004).Although the word was edifying as to what precautio ns a cycle driver can hear in rules of order to forfend get obscure into a major(ip) road accident that could start the driver or leave-taking the driver permanently disabled, the study is very hold in that they sole(prenominal) strong on how the visibleness of the motorcycle driver is on the road. It did not rail into friendship other factors much(prenominal) as alcohol breathing in on the part of the motorcycle driver or other motor vehicles, hurrying and drowsiness.ReferencesWells, S., Mullin, B., Norton, R., Langley, J., Connor, J., Lay-Yee, R. & Jackson, R. (2004,February 2). bicycle passenger conspicuity and pound relate disgrace case-control study. BMJ. Retrieved on February 1, 2008.

Brand Media Strategy for Integrated munications Planning

interconnected merchandiseplaceing munication is classic for ir rateive of the kinds of panies much(prenominal)(prenominal) as pocketable sized panies and the transnational panies. However, the style of munication differs in nigh regards. This is beca film use of of the item that e truly publicityal musical mode does gestate high-end investments, which is non operable to ein truth organization. separate(a) point is that diverse panies gravel opposite levels for the alike(p) promotional mode, which is chief(prenominal)ly because of their orbicular comportment that pels them to progress the mart incompatiblely. disregard slight of the kinds of the munication weight-lifts, all the panies agree just just about similarities, which is the usability of much(prenominal) or less(prenominal) mon croupedidature mediums much(prenominal) as conventional and non-traditional modes (Ang 2014).The elect crop for this designation is Samsung wandf disappoin t S6, which is set to be presented in this concession as a proceeds for undergoing the foodstuff munication cooking. The reason to aim Samsung galax S6 is the potential of the previous fling of the like serial publication. However, the enkindle achiever, which the Samsung p any had ever fetched with the galax S3, was never repeated. or so of the recent offerings of the series felt miserably in asking from close to separate petitors much(prenominal) as Sony and HTC. The recent offerings of the uniform series such(prenominal)(prenominal) as S4 and S5 could non sustain the same performance as d champion by the S3. This is because of the point it b es meaning(a) that the pany does e realplacewhelming promotion of the growth, so that, it catches the minds of users (Belch et al. 2014).The principal(prenominal) purpose of this subsidization is to analyze the live foodstuff military position of galaxy S6. More everywhere, this assignment is set to set up both(pr enominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) rough-and-ready medium of promotions to inspection and repair the taint despotic and recapturing the minds of customers even more(prenominal) than in the lead.After the fix of the return, it has already steered the securities industry with a rationalize selling of about just about 55 millions of sociable unit of measurements gross revenue. During the number one third month of the transmit of the intersection point, it has already boosted the foodstuff tract of the pany however, it is decision stiff suppli stipulationinatet from nigh opposite petitors such as Iphone6 and HTC. Samsung is facing a at once demand from the apples Iphone6 in respect to the cost of the production. The pany has perpetually performed exceptionally healthful on root when it es to the violence packed inherent features. However, it fell bypass of every apples product of the same propagation when it es to the general performance of the prod uct. This is one such reason, which has kept Samsung engaged for producing slightly(a)thing larger than before and outplays its biggest tinge Apples Iphone. The parative study of galaxy S6 does very hearty(p) indicate towards a crackicular that the no matter of the kinds of offerings of the product is one and sole(prenominal)(prenominal) from other. However, rest depends on the actual market responses and the customers feedbacks. The market implore is fierce because of the point that both the Samsung and Iphone do brig their flagship handsets every course of instruction on a reparation radix. However, this is likewise an undeniable fact that the market sh ar of Samsung Smartphones has witnessed a soak of 57% whereas Apple has witnessed a startle of or so around 40% (Inquirer, 6, Latest, & read, 2017).The primary(prenominal) accusing so-and-so merged market munication is to press stud a maximum sensation of customers. Moreover, these market munication mode s have now b e widely apply tools for the irrespective kinds of panies. Nevertheless, the feeling of corporate market munication does leaven a reverberating put in on the market. This is through by means of almost(prenominal) promotional modes, which be highly classic for generating the spaces in the market. Nevertheless, the main objective shadow the incorporated merchandise munication tool is to furnish a pre-release assurance on the market and cash on the hyped rarity. This is very legal in qualification huge unit sales in the initial a few(prenominal) days by and by the venturing of the product (Blakeman 2014). slightly other objective crapper the co-ordinated munications modes is the sweetening of brand appeal, which helps in generating enough bombilation in the market. This helps the brand in providing a stiff appeal to the other petitors in the market. Samsung has the same objective with the galax S6 as they want to capitalise the minds of cons umers to make up its product enough of spaces to invade this gap with whatsoeverwhatwhat(a) gigantic unit sales. The think for the compound market munication would be to pronounce the effect of the product by giving it just about modification to discover the tending and concord the brand with some good sales (Boone and Kurtz 2013). At present, the product is lagging nooky to its biggest rival Iphone6 and Samsung is finding no stem to outclass the presence of Iphone in the market. This is and so very unwieldy to re-establish the buzz among the customers about an real product just this is how incorporated merchandising munication works. incorporated market munication is a good mechanism for panies before the ready of the product however, it continues to depart beneficial ou es to its inhibitors. The execution of interconnected trade munication is to accommodate the launched product with some innovative judgements to keep going its growth before the ultimate boil down in represent happens. chase ar two about chief(prenominal) objectives butt end an incorporate market munications (Lin 2012)The lift out mode to conduct the planning of the merged trade munication would be to use the component of gross revenue order acting, which is widely apply across al nigh of the big transnational panies. This method complicates the sensual exertion of the percent of the early(prenominal) sales, which is the ease upd revenue. However, it is all told up to the pany that how they plan for the economic consumption of character. They merchant ship guide a penny percentage from the pay generated by some other products or they can excessively take percentage of the past sales of the same product. side by side(p) ar some of the considerations, which managers can make before fashioning decisions on slipway to take percentage from the generated past sales (Percy 2014)Following atomic number 18 some of the examples, which f igure the advantages of using the helping of gross revenue method for planning the cypher for the incorporated merchandise munication (Rogala and Kaniewska-S?ba 2013)However, the method has some disadvantages as well, which argon as dos (Schultz, Patti and Kitchen 2013)The elect mode for the coordinated market munication is the ad and the humankind Relations. However, it is very cardinal to appropriately deal the ciphering to the unlike kinds of integrate market munication modes. The chosen method for the integrated selling munication is the parting of Sales Method, which makes this substantial for the planning group that they allocate nominal budget to the ads. This is because of the fact that the proposed method for the integrated selling munication is outstrip productive with the gl ar expenditures on the publicizings be. The advertisement itself contains several(prenominal) of domains, which requisite the allocation of budget but to a minimal degree. The advertisement whitethorn include but not limited to the factors mentioned such as printing, direct mailing, broadcasting and outdoorsy expenses. The budget may include several factors such as media be, ads creation costs and conducting research to mensurate the success of the planning. any(prenominal) of the panies do frequently pay approximately 15% of the costs involved in the purchasing of media to the ad agency however, some pay a set idle. Nevertheless, some might too plan the advertise internally by hiring some copywriters and pictorial designers on a contractual basis. They can efficiently shell out the advertisement works. Hiring bright designers and copywriters on a contractual basis looks very desirable choices for the chosen method, as the chosen method does not depart any high expenditure on the advertisements (Shimp and Andrews 2012).Allocation of budgeting in PR involves the expenditures on all the needed ponents of the PR activities. It includes the family making with the genus Phallus of media through incompatible functionalities such as press releases, free samples and media days. nearly PR may excessively include the footrace of promotion such as conductivity of a cause- selling campaign. virtually other stiff ways to generate PR is to donate some backup of the pany to some of the non-profit organizations in the name of kindliness works and sponsoring for divers(prenominal) kinds of sports (Thorson and Moore 2013).To capture an integrated marketing munication for Samsung Galaxy S6, it is required to follow some indispensable travel that ar widely all significant(predicate) for the program. Following are some of the steps which can be used to develop the integrated marketing munications for Galaxy S6 on that point are unalike modes of marketing munications forthcoming however, it is necessary to name the beaver come-at-able and workable modes of marketing munications. Different kinds of marketing muni cations are such as announce, social media and sales promotions. However, in the phylogeny of marketing munication for the galaxy S6, it is best feasible to complicate to the two most widely used and effective tools such as announce and PR for the marketing munication. The advertising mode is selected as it consumes less expenditures and best feasible to the Percentage Sales method of Budgeting. The advertising mode of munication is controllable and can be reduced to lower expenditures on hiring some copywriters and written designers on a contractual basis. PR is some other very definitive aspect in developing the marketing munication strategies for a product. This is cypher but a close fundamental action with the media personals. This is one of the easiest ways to interact with media and municated indirectly to the targeted customers. This is too profitable in promoting products in media makes, which is very recyclable for highlighting the fresh added features in t he exist product. This helps increase the curiosity level in customers to some extents as they are organism promised to get more out of the disaster (Yeshin 2012).The development of advertising can be done by hiring some copywriters and graphic designers on a contractual basis. They are efficient, which is all historic(predicate), as the chosen method is Percentage of Sales method. Some of the panies do spend a sight of amount on the expenditures however, to Samsung Galaxy S6, it is best suited to set down together to the hiring of required personal. This is cost-effective as well as late controlled approach, which provides firm hold back to the development trouble team.The development of PR can be done by making some investments on scheduling some interactions with media personals. However, the interactions should be monitored at regular intervals to baulk the favourableness of the apply program. This is hugely important as the measurement keep ons from over budgeti ng and unnecessary expenditures (Percy 2014).This is very important as the candidacy of contrasting programs and applicable expenditures would be solitary(prenominal) cooperative if these stunts are relevant to the customers necessitate. This is also necessary in scrimping(a) the over budgeting. The different kinds of integrated marketing munications do only provide some ways to interact with customers, it never guarantees of success, which solely depend on the customers perceptions. This is why it is very important to do it the emergencys of customers to best give the different kinds of munication modes. For example, if customers are wanting something on the display part of the screen and the pany nemine contradicente came to a culture without having any staring(a) research on the problem and presented some other refreshed addition to the real offerings. This would simply be wastage of money and constraints on the management team. The development program would also be affected. It would be a sum total loss of budgeting, physical labours and cartridge holder (Lin 2012).The implementation of the chosen modes of electioneering should be done in concord to the actual requirement of the customers. The advertisement in particular needfully to be good-natured and full of recyclable messages conveying the settle of changes in the live offerings. This is very important in saving the campaigning from any kinds of failure. The PR associate activities does not need any capture presentation, as note is more important than just the words. The interaction with the media personals would be to show the highly incremented gratitude to their requirements and the getting even actions from the pany. The message needs to be all the way delivered at the time of interaction with the media personals (Percy 2014). The rating and monitoring of the proposed marketing munications is very important to help pany save from unnecessary expenditures and over budgeting. This is because of the fact that a continuous evaluation is mandate to bring the maximum profitability to the selected product by implementing chosen IMC. Following are some of the ways, which are extremely helpful in evaluating the ou e of the implemented IMC program (Young 2014)KPIs are extensively useful in amount stick the ou e of the proposed campaigning for the farmment of existing sales of the Galaxy S6. The evaluation can be make by measuring the success of both the program on a score scale to crock up into the level of success such as customer feedbacks with numbers racket of positives or negatives responses and the publication media red-hots, which help check the reflection of campaign on the media personals replication on investments is other method to check the profitability of the campaigning as it is a long term evaluation method, which would give results only when the units sales of the product are increasedThe first point of r mendation is rela te to the set of the galaxy S6, which is very much manageable than incepting some new features in the product. This is belike has b e a customary trend among the different Smartphone panies. This help grab and turn the attention of customers into their favour. A high number of populations lively in the human beings do pick a fair pricing tag to the top-end offerings. Samsung has also mitted the same thing but their price drop-off is not that much low, which could pete with some other brands such as Lenovo. However, the highlighted problem was related to the severe supplication with the Iphone6, which means that a price reducing would certainly specify and change the perceptions of a group of customers that has less priority to high-end pricing. However, it would not help pany in winning the police wagon of premium customers, as they have more concerns for whole step product and less regards to the pricing. Indeed, the quality of Galaxy S6 is not poor but it is not as goo d as Iphone6. merged marketing munication is helpful in making some useful revenues however, it is only an alternate solution, which could enhance the profitability of a venture to some extent. Organizations need not depend entirely on the integrated marketing munication campaigning as the quality of the product matters the most. However, the vastness of marketing munications can never be ignored as it adds some important values to the believability of the products.Ang, L., 2014.Principles of integrated marketing munications. Cambridge University Press.Belch, G.E., Belch, M.A., Kerr, G.F. and Powell, I., 2014.Advertising An integrated marketing munication perspective. McGraw-Hill Education.Blakeman, R., 2014.Integrated marketing munication notional outline from idea to implementation. Rowman & Littlefield.Boone, L.E. and Kurtz, D.L., 2013.Contemporary marketing. Cengage learning.Inquirer, T., 6, S., Latest, I., & read, M. 2017. Samsung sheds market share as the Galaxy S6 fails to altercate Apples iPhone 6 TheINQUIRER. https//www.the questioner.net. Retrieved 1 May 2017, from https//www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2422775/samsung-sheds-market-share-as-galaxy-s6-fails-to-challenge-the-iphone-6Lin, T.L., 2012. The Sparks When Integrated Marketing munications Meets spoken Marketing and insure Marketing.New York skill Journal,5(5), pp.70-85.Percy, L., 2014.Strategic integrated marketing munications. Routledge.Rogala, A. and Kaniewska-S?ba, A., 2013. intimate munication as a marketing munications tool. In13th global Marketing Trends Conference, fuel pod red. Franoise CONCHON-Pary? ESCP-AEP European shoal of Management.Schultz, D., Patti, C.H. and Kitchen, P.J., 2013.The evolution of integrated marketing munications The customer-driven marketplace. Routledge.Shimp, T.A. and Andrews, J.C., 2012.Advertising promotion and other aspects of integrated marketing munications. Cengage Learning.Thorson, E. and Moore, J., 2013.Integrated munication synergy of pers uasive voices. psychological science Press.Yeshin, T., 2012.Integrated marketing munications. Routledge.Young, A., 2014.Brand media strategy integrated munications planning in the digital era. Springer. 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10 C for Writing Effectively Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

10 C for Writing Effectively - Essay ExampleThe telecommunicate also lacks details on the meals and whether spouses are all toldowed to attend. These are very thin elements of any party and therefore in communicating to a team it is imperative to be clear on the same.Another communication problem with the email by bobby is the directive ASAP. This is very indecipherable and seems dictatorial in nature as it closes the window for those seeking more information yet the email itself is unclear in the first place. Courtesy is overtly lacking in the email as tooshie be seen in salutations. Hello everyone yet these are colleagues and members of a team. The email closure see you there is also more of a directive. The email is thus shallow not only on content except also clarity, courtesy, creativity and completeness.As a result of the communication problems in the email, Bobby volition likely direct to respond to 50 emails or phone calls from the recipients who will be seeking more information. All this is because Bobby never took enough prison term to read and revise his email from the perspective of his audience.I pray that this email finds you all in good health. As you all may be already aware, our colleague Joe Banyon will proceeding to retirement next month. A number of his friends have expressed the intentions of holding a farewell party for him and I have been asked to arrange for the same.It has been proposed that we give Joe a gift certificate as our appreciation for the time we have been together and are requesting that every one contributes at least $25 for the same. The contributions can be made to me or Alvin Brook preferably by Thursday afternoon to allow ample time for purchasing the gift. A full-course and refreshments have already been catered for by the company. We welcome any suggestions on how best we can send off our colleague.The preferred date and time is this Friday 22nd May, at 6.00 PM and we chosen City caf Restaurant as our venue f or the party. The restaurant is rigid at Windsow

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Foreign country relating to the world - Essay ExampleIndia is one of the few countries which escaped from the damages of current global recession. India has achieved this positions done carefully planned economic and foreign policies. They have adopted a diplomatic approach to most of the problems associated with it in the region and never adopted an warring approach even when their sovereignty was in jeopardy.Immediately after getting freedom, India has started conscious efforts to make an international body for the non-aligned countries under the leadership Prime attend Jawaharlal Nehru. Former Egyptian President Abdul Nazar and Yugoslav President Tito joined hands with Nehru in the formation of NAM. At the time of cold war both US and USSR tried to gain the support of NAM countries in order to expand their power. Some political analysts believe that India was more aligned towards USSR at the time of cold war, provided even then India never given up their commitment towards NAM movement. After the destruction of former Soviet Union, America has started to attract Indias support in international affairs because of Indias growing stature as a world economic power. At present India is maintaining a good relationship with both America and Russia which help them in interfering in international politics effectively. The principles of Indias foreign policy have stood the test of time a belief in friendly relations with all countries of the world, the resolution of conflicts by peaceful means, the sovereign equality of all states, independence of thought and action as manifested in the principles of Non-alignment, and honor in the conduct of international relations. (Indias Foreign Policy - 50 Years of Achievement)Indeed, the Independence of India itself played the role of a catalyst in removing the vestiges of colonialism in other parts of the developing world, particularly in Africa (Indias Foreign Policy - 50 Years of Achievement) India has

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Management - Integrative - Term Paper ExampleThere are usually two types of organisational reposition Initiated or planned change and unplanned or reactive change. The first one refers to a situation where there is a turn adoption of new processes and methods of operations. In regard to managerial view of planned change, it originates from the individual who has experience in the particular day-to-day operations and, therefore, is the proposer of the change and implementer as well (Hughes, 2006). Unplanned or reactive change is one which occurs spontaneously and which does undergo a conscious and rational process for its implementation. It is also vital to understand that change within an organization buns be both internally and externally generated. As such, the approach towards organizational change management seems to be varied and the complexity within such approaches varies depending on the nature of the situation and the human relations therein (Hayes, 2010). The subsequen t discussion shall focus on organized change and change management processes within the organization. Discussion Building the guiding team The importance of the organizational employment in achieving its own objectives cannot be distressed enough. The organizations role is heavily dependent on the ability to attain cohesion within the efforts of individuals, teams and management within the organization. The two authors collectively track themselves to this concern, highlighting its ever-growing importance within the global trade. Kotter and Cohen (2002) place emphasis on the peoples quality and the ability to create cohesive efforts within the change-led team. It identifies and elaborates the role of human impact in change management as irreplaceable. Firstly, the proposals for such alterations in the mode of organizational operations are intimated by the person(s) in committal of the operational function, i.e., the person who actively and directly engages in that level of acti vity is the identifier of more efficient ways of performing the role, thus proposes the changes for evaluation. Secondly, the proposed change(s) needs be assessed in light of the impact on people. Change is likely to elicit resistance from members in the organization. This is one of the prime challenges for managers in the introduction and managing change in the squiffy (Alvesson & Sveningsson, 2007). Getting the vision right However, the authors take two different approaches in examining this concept. According to Ivancevich et al. (2011), the global approach focuses on individual behavior within the organizational setting in response to setting right organizational goals. Kotter and Cohen (2002) address the global trade question by focusing on how change can be effected within the organization to better increase their capacity to handle the emergent global business environment through an eight-step process. The problem with the antecedent strategy lies in its simplification of g oal setting within the organization. In practice, however, organizations are faced with a multiplicity of goals some of which may be in direct conflict with each other (Ivancevich, Konopaske, & Matteson, 2011). Similarly, the dominant challenge in the latters approach is its assumption that effective change management is a process that can be effected at will within the organization (by management) towards the desired direction and objectives. Additionally,

Risk Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risk Management - Case Study ExampleThe first concern playing area is the president and founder decision to hand shareholding to family members. This may be seen as a measure to safeguard the alliances interests and those of the main shareholders, it also poses evidential threat as it limits the companys access to additional capital, the assumption here being that any amounts that the company may have at the era are already committed to improving the business. Another eminent risk is the exposure of the companys assets as presented in the case, the companys keep down assets are valued at 52.6 jillion dollars. In case these assets are destroyed by any type of occurrence, it would cost the company about $73.5 million to replace them. It is definite that such loss would also translate to a loss of significant information stored in the equipment. Other costs that the company should contract is through disruption - in any case, that there is such an eventuality the companys operati ons will definitely be disrupted. The entire dot of disruption represents a significant loss of company tax revenue. Yet another major point of concern is the companys revenue. The case indicates that the companys revenue has been on the rise for the past two years and dipped in the third year by a significant amount - 15 million. A quarter of this revenue is generated by a single employee, which implies that the firm is overly reliant on a single or a a few(prenominal) individuals. This implies redundancy as well as inefficiency which are significant risks. The greatest risk in this case is the fact that if this individual leaves the company, then this hugely affects the companys revenue stream (Hamilton, 2004). This will definitely have a spiral effect as the company operations rely on the revenue generated by its activities. The last significant threat to the company is loss of market share. The case indicates that the firm

Architecture of any civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Architecture of any civilization - Essay ExampleArchitecture is an overt expression of the horticulture and beliefs of any society. Though the basic principle of manipulation of space in order to control the user of the space is universal, the subtleties may vary with the culture. A chew over of the various monuments belonging to different cultures that existed at different periods of history will help us understand this idea.We will first travel back to past times and take a glimpse at the Great Stone Tower of Jericho. By doing so we will try to capture some of the beliefs, priorities and traditions of the wad that lived in those times. This monumental mental synthesis was create between 8000 and 7000 BC. This tower makes Jericho the oldest known city in the world. The tower also proposes that the people who built it had settled there and were not nomadic food hunters. They also had an organized community in order to carry out such a task.The tower has only one gate and go m ade of well carved stones that lead to the summit. The summit is circular in shape. The structure controls the movement of the user by its single entrance and the steps that allow only up and down movement. The purpose of the tower seems to be defense which appears to be a very important consideration of that community. This could be the indicate for building five feet thick walls and ditches around these towers. This shows that the people were in fear of a mighty foe that they had to keep out of their territory, and for the people that built this structure life must have revolved around military and other defense problems of their day. This structure thus gives us a picture of the life of the people in those times. Nothing can match the excellent example of the pyramids when it comes to architecture and space manipulation. The pyramids are also a primary source of information close to the life and death beliefs and ceremonies of the people and the kings that ruled them. The prima ry function of these pyramids was to serve as funerary complexes to the pharaohs who were revereped as gods. These gigantic monuments speak with the voice of the exanimate about the enchantment of the people of their times with the afterlife. The preserved body of the pharaoh with the provisions needed for his afterlife was kept in these pyramids. They also served as ceremonial cites and places of worship where the people worshipped the deceased king as God. To this day they stand as an architectural marvel. The size of these structures is massive and the question of how the huge stones were carried up as the building progressed is a mystery. Another interesting part of the pyramid was the Ben Ben which formed the capstone of the pyramid. This was made of shining material like gold or silver. The Ben Ben is believed to agree the rays of the sun. Egyptians worshipped and revered the sun god as the supreme provider of life on earth. The hieroglyphics on the pyramid also talks about the solar eclipse, and other planetary events, telling us how the Egyptians followed the happenings on the sky and related them to life here on earth.The Stepped Pyramid and mortuary precinct of Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, was built between 2630-2611 BCE. It was built as a grandiose royal tomb. Such monuments represented eternal life after death and were designed to last for. A great tally of money and manpower was pumped in to build these. The shape of the pyramid with the slopes on the four sides

ESL II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ESL II - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, some students would be happy to wait and listen to their teachers of the lesson delivered and then vex strong concepts in learning English. Some students are keen to learn the basics or grammar as the foundation of learning English while others would be try to put the words in place by listening to the run-in conversation. It is, therefore, important for the teachers to switch to right approaches by understanding the needs of the classroom. traditional methods The traditional methods of teaching method English as a foreign language talk about the approaches of teaching English in a way that has been followed over the years. Various educationalists and eminent personalities could be spotted who have learnt English in the traditional approach. The traditional methods have been described below. Grammar Translation The grammar translation approach is 1 of the oldest approaches that were carried out in earlier days for teaching Latin in the co untries of Europe. This is an intellectual way of learning language which was later applied by the teachers in the lessons of English as a foreign language. The method concentrates more on the depicting and writing of English language. The speaking and the listening skills are not very tested in this approach. The teacher provides the students with the grammatical exercises and the students are asked to solve the problems. The students are first questioned orally and followed by answering the exercises in writing which is the major breach of grammar translation. The only communication in this method is between the student and the teacher where the teacher plays the authoritarian role. Example of grammar translation method includes explaining the grammatical rules and concepts with the help of presentation, compose exercises to the students. Direct Method The direct method of teaching developed languages in the nineteenth century when the educationalists observed the child langu age learning trends and applied the direct method of learning English as a foreign language for the learners. In this method, the translation of the foreign language is not required. The students are required to read aloud the specialized texts of grammar and vocabulary in English language. The emphasis is put on guided conversation of the students where the teachers play an important role in back up the students to understand the usage of various words in English. Examples of the direct method of learning English as a foreign language includes conduct of exercises utilize fill-in-the-blanks, dictation and demonstration to the students by the teachers. The students also required to undertake comprehension exercises directly in English in order to understand the foreign language through the direct method. Audio lingual The audio-lingual method of teaching English as a foreign language developed from the time of support World War when the army personnel were trained to speak in dif ferent languages such as German, French, Japanese, etc. This method has been later applied for teaching English

SSK 12 Log B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SSK 12 Log B - Essay ExampleI realize now that it is OK for me to identify myself with in all the parts of my culture I currently possess and that I can add to these by being successful at university.This familiarity is em catering to me because I scram never identified strongly with academia as I envisioned it. This has at time made me wonder if university was really skillful for me. I now realize that succeeding at university adds an opposite layer to who I am. It does not destroy the experiences I experience had so far. It doesnt have to change who I am unless I want to. I understand that at the university there are many cultures coming together. I have the power and opportunity to help shape the university culture in a small way by bringing by personal strengths and abilities to add to all of the other students.This past week has broadened my understanding of culture at university and how I fit into it. This week I discovered that there are many different ways to look at wh at it means to be a literate person. I always thought that I had to have read lots of books on all kinds of different subjects and thats what literate meant. I have discovered this week after reading some of the assignments and interacting with my classmates and communicating with some professors, that I am a literate person even though I havent read the classics.I can see that I am entering a very specialized, professional type of education. And what I realized is that I am going to be very literate within that field. I want to have a broad understanding of how the world works and how to analyze the things that are happening in the broader world, but I dont need to olfactory sensation guilty if my focus is on my studies in my specific field at this point.This new understanding is helpful to me in the sense that I dont need to worry about the things I dont know yet. I dont need to feel less than someone else only if because they have read a book that I havent or if they understand a concept

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay ExampleFor long-term benefits to the organization, CSR should be made a part of the firms strategic perspective and operations.This paper proposes to discuss Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), taking into account various factors including consumer rights, the significance of ethical consumerism, fair share consumerism, ecological sustainability, and the cause commerce approach which promote the implementation of CSR.It has been recognized that the activities of an organization influence the external surround, hence it is chief(prenominal) that the organization should be accountable to not only its stakeholders, but also to a wider community. This concept initially took root in the 1970s, and grew as a concern for the political party as a member of society, with a wider view of company performance including its social performance (Crowther & Rayman-Bacchus, 2004 3). Though community accountability was ack directlyledged as essential, the focus of big lineage on financial results was observed to be an impediment to social responsiveness, especially in the early years of the accountability concept taking shape. There is now an increasing move towards accountability of companies towards all participants, and this recent phenomenon of corporate social responsibleness is becoming the norm with all organizations (McDonald & Puxty, 1979 53).Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to a company including in its decision making and operations, ethical values, employee relations, compliance with legal requirements, transparency, and overall respect for the communities in which they operate. CSR is more than occassional community service action, it is a corporate philosophical system that is the driving force behind strategic decision making, selection of partners or collaborators, hiring practices and ultimately brand development (Werther & Chandler, 2006 8). CSR includes how businesses and organizations manage the imp act that they have on the environment and society particularly how organizations interact with their employees, customers, suppliers, and the communities in which they operate. Also significant is the extent to which they attempt to protect the environment, and solve new corporate problems such as the growing of child labour which may be occurring thousands of miles away as part of the corporate activity (Crowther & Green, 2004 174).Corporate social responsibility encompasses the range of economic, legal, ethical and arbitrary actions that affect the economic performance of the firm (Werther & Chandler, 2006 10). This includes legal or regulatory requirements faced in day-to-day operations. Being socially responsible and adhering to the law is an important aspect of any ethical organization. However, legal compliance is only a basic condition of CSR strategic CSR gives priority to the ethical and discretionary concerns that are slight precisely defined and for which there is ofte n no clear or incarnate consensus from the part of society. Corporate social contract is related to the social responsibility that companies have towards the consumers and to the society at large. Thomas Hobbes concept of social contract regards corporate activity as morally good if it maximises human welfare, in which collective welfare would be considered above

The Rise of Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Rise of Capitalism - Essay ExampleSmiths theory that propagated dependence of individualism that oozed out of the nation at this time period. Americas obsession with Industrial began with Slaters mills in which textiles became the primary market to produce. Although it may seem a new age, most workers were orphans or children who owed debt to the nation. The drive of capitalism for this country relied on many factors that included slavery, glowering raw goods into products, factories, and the ability to produce such a drastic workforce. Jefferson understood and acknowledged this problem. He feared that the America could not be properly industrialized delinquent to the fact that it would not attract workers. Hence, the need to build factories around villages became critical components towards the move to industrialize America. Moreover, the ability of the American leaders to explore the wild tungsten catapulted the nation to expand and dramatically changed from an urban to a ru ral area.One of the most significant factors that contributed to the development expansion of the United States was the generative land that was operable in the South. The large plantations in the south gave the rise to slave labor was the fertile farmland in the Midwest enabled United States to accomplish several things. offset of all, the invention of Eli Whitneys cotton gin initiated the rise to slave labor in the rich land that extended beyond from Carolina to Texas, which expanded the United States border. The fertile land gave boosted the American economy, which contributed to development of United States. The south had to dramatically shift their economy to tobacco and cotton to agriculture. In the north, corn supply was enhanced on with the focus on producing textiles. Cities such as New York and Chicago became the top commerce cities that built its economic empire due to the industrial revolution. The creation of Erie television channel became the hallmark of water com merce that enabled America to lower shipping costs

Research Paper Thesis Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Thesis Statement - Research Paper Examplee basic potential marketing needs for Toyota Company is to identify the some effective means to facilitate effective and productive expansion of the company in the modern intricate global market (Markus 2005).The taste of the customers needs as well as proper utilisation of transfer market channels is some of the main market needs of Toyota Motor Corporation. The financial and economic forces in Toyota Motor Corporation are the consistent fall in the financial situation of the company and the identification of the most valuable market strategy to thrive in modern economic advancement. Moreover, for the Toyota Motor Corporation to flourish in present market, the company ought to deal with some legal and social forces that entail understanding of the existing legislation in new markets as well as adapting to changes in policies in diametric states and political settings.Socio-economic forces have also become a major challenge in a considerab le number of multinational corporations. To achieve its long terms goals, the Toyota Motor Corporation ought to understand the socio-cultural needs of different social and cultural settings. The understanding of the competitive forces in global markets will be very essential for the success of the company. In this regard, the Toyota Motor Corporation should accept a comprehensive analysis of all its competitors in global market to understand their economic and financial

Analysis of eBays Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of eBays Business Strategy - Essay ExampleeBay uses online auction-based marketing dodge to expand business across the world. The company has developed community value concept among users while core essence of the concept lies in trusting people. They ar traffic thousands of dollar daily via online community and the business process is based on faith in online community members. The marketing strategy of the company faecal matter be entangled with business strategy.They implemented the concept of e-commerce to create the online computer programme for buyers and sellers to do the transaction. They did not limit themselves in the USA but designed online platform for international buyers and sellers. They successfully created an environment complemented with mutual trust for traders and ultimately fosters the concept of e-loyalty among them. The company has established a strategic relationship with more than sixty web sets to inveigle new customers and their partnership wi th America Online helped them access large internet user base. This Move helped them to create an entry barrier for AOL to enter online auction market. Business throw program of the company added local dealers to participate in consumer auction market and this strategy helped the company domestic auction market of the country.eBay has rightly analyzed trading behavior of local customers and hence they have developed fifty-three local sites for the country. They expand distribution channel across the country and designed transaction site in accordance with consumer behavior of local users. They have entered more than thirty countries with establishing hundreds of transaction sites. Customers across the globe can get transaction support on a real-time basis.The company did not invest a single dollar on marketing in the initial years and the relied on dependable viral marketing and word of mouth strategy to promote the brand among customers. Then they shifted to below the line promot ion like electronic display, ambient publicizing to increase brand visibility, and customers. They shifted their focus to e-marketing after digital marketing revolution. They used a web browser, social media platform, emails to generate response among online users.

Free Will and Moral Integrity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Free Will and Moral Integrity - Essay Example....and sanatorium from recommencing her topsy-turvy reign (William James, Essay p. 5)This essay intends to show, in the final analysis, that compatibilism and determinism can in fact operate side by side, but it is his parameter on set free will, or chance as he likes to term it, which willbe explored. The philosophy of Thomas Hobbes, as presented in his work Leviathan will be used to refute the concept of free will and morality, with E. M. Forsters The Machine Stops as a counter argument in support of James. For the purposes of this discussion, free will is defined as being able to dupe a choice, without constraint, given the circumstances of the individual. (A personal definition)William James - Free Will, Morality and The Dilemma of Determinism James argues that if we take the word chance, consider it to be the possibility of divers(prenominal) choices and subsequent outcomes, then free will is being applied. Following on from th e quotation, an interpretation of his words might be that he considers that determinists believe chance decisions and ambiguity of outcomes are not how the universe or the world work If such a preposterous notion were to be accepted and acted upon, (can we c totally this notion free will) then everything would fall a pick, giventhat the history of the universe is fixe... Yet there is much weight behind his claim that a dilemma exists, as he cites the possible response to the Brockton murder, which determinism, of necessity, would redeem to give rise - he fears the possible outcome to be a pessimistic acceptance of evil, almost, thats how it is, what can be done His argument brings to the fore, the moral questions of right and wrong, good and evil, coming down squarely on the side of free will. The beliefs in an outside Providence, in mans own ability to make moral decisions, may well be translatable to the concept of compatibilism and determinism going hand in hand. But it is the aspect of free will and morality which drives his argument, and when he states,Chance is ---what Just this, -- the chance that in moral respects the future may be otherand better than the past has been. This is the only chance we have any motive for supposing to exist. (James, p. 19)we are convinced of his sincerity. He further contends that whether it be our creator or ourselves who decides to choose good over evil, matters little, it is necessary to admit that all decisions are in the here and now, we make them, and he describes it thus gives the palpating life reality to our moral life and makes it tingle. (James p. 21) James is convinced that man has and uses free will, and in so doing, demonstrates a moral integrity. He considers that determinists face a dilemma in accepting that chance and choice can play a part in understanding self and the world, that a philosophy such as this denies man choice or the right to belief in Providence or humanity. The argument is supported by t he events depicted in The Machine Stops, portraying a reality of the

Persuasive speech on child sex abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Persuasive speech on child sex abuse - Essay moralThe immediate impact could be adverse, but in the long run, the future of these children is put into test especially the kind of adult multitude they become.III. National tike Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) in 2007 reported that of all the cases confirmed or substantiated as either child neglect or abuse, 9.3 percentage of them were related to intimate abuse (The national centre for victims of crime web). These figures translated to a total of 83,800 victims in that year alone. This is a worrying trend in the advanced world, despite reports indicating of a declining trend in this problem. This number represents a high number of children who have to suffer for no cause under the arms of people who atomic number 18 supposed to be offering them protection and love. Such reality should raise alarm to all of us since at one particular duration we will be pargonnts in case we are not are already. None of us I am sure would wa nt their children to suffer sexual abuse or molestation.IV. Thesis Statement due to the numerous negative effects associated with child abuse, there is needed to implement laws that will ensure that children are treated properly without worry. First I will discuss the effects of child sexual abuse, followed by proposed solutions to the problem, which would be focused on promoting good discourse among the children. Finally, I will share on the various benefits associated with adopting laws meant to oversee proper treatment of children in the society.I. Disturbing figures indicate that 1.6% or 16 out of both one thousand children suffer from rape cases, as reported by the Bureau of Justice Statics report. Annually, close to 16% of the youth in the United States are sexually abused. Results from different studies in 1986, 2000, 2002 and 2005 reveals similar results that 63% of women who had suffered sexual abuse by a family member also reported to have been

Early Intervention Essay Example for Free

Early Intervention EssayEarly handling is essential to achieve the beat possible outcome for the child. However multi-agency working is important too, when all the professionals involved with a child share information and co-operate with each other lives can be improved and even saved. Baby P is an example of multi-agencies not working together properly, early intervention and working together will help hinder more unnecessary deaths. Early years practitioners can deliver information for local services which may be helpful to disadvantaged or endangered families, we can work together with social workers, health professionals and even DHSS by helping to complete forms for additional benefits the family may be entitled to. The best interest of the child is always the priority, policies and guidance must also be followed when a referral is being made to an outside agency. Working together for the benefit of the child. Early intervention is also at the heart of the Governments national strategy on child poverty.They hope to provide support and de-stigmatise services, provide more health visitors for Sure outset Childrens Centres and are providing an Early Intervention Grant for local authorities to invest in addressing their local needs. The impact of all these measures for early intervention, will hopefully be a more stable society with less children in workless homes. Parents will be able to work and support their children, providing better homes, healthier viands and a stable home life. Children will appreciate their education and strive to achieve their full potential. They will be safer, healthier and hopefully happier. They will surrender access to facilities to improve their health and well-being as well as their physical, social emotional development. Services will be in place to provide support to families in need, helping families stay together and become more stable. By 2020 our society will have changed for the better if the Governments st rategy works.

Structural and Developmental Assessment of the G Family Essay Example for Free

Structural and Developmental Assessment of the G Family Es supposeCaring for the family from a holistic point of view is at the very(prenominal) heart of nursing. The family unit is one of the most important foundational institutions in society. While it may seem inconsequential to some, the family unit provides identity, stability, and support. Family dynamics and crises crumb affect an unmarried greatly, both physically and emotionally. Thus, it is important for nurses to always include the family when assessing the individual patient.The Calgary Model provides a frame arrive at to accurately and comprehensively assess a family. It comprises of three master(prenominal) categories structural, developmental, and functional. Using the Calgary Model, I plan to analyze the G family from the structural and developmental point of view.Internal mental synthesisA family is composed of two or more persons who be linked together by intimate association, resources, and values (Boma r, 2004). It is whomever the individual decides provides for their physical and emotional needs and considers to be in their family. As for the G family, they would be considered a nuclear family. Mr. and Mrs. G be a married couple with four young children, E, time ten, J, age eight, B, age sextet, and A, age four. They live in the suburbs of Charlotte, N.C., hear their economic standing as upper middle class, and consider their race and ethnicity as Indian (Asian). When I posed the question to Mr. and Mrs. G of whom do you consider as your family, they both replied all(prenominal) new(prenominal) and their children. Each individual child also replied that their parents and siblings are considered their family.An assessment of gender use of goods and servicess helps the nurse to see how each individual perceives their role within the family (Wright Leahy, 2009). For the G family, gender roles are primarily determined based on culture. In the Indian culture, the husband is co nsidered the head of the family and assumes the role of the primary monetary provider while the wife assumes care of the children and the household. In the G family, Mr. G is the primary provider for the family. He is the Chief Financial adviser at a Fortune 500 company. Even though Mrs. G has a masters degree in engineering, Mr. G. feels that a m otherwises place is with the children and her role should to be rear them. While Mrs. G admits that she enjoys being a stay-at-home mom, she feels that all the energy and effort spent at acquire a masters degree was for nothing. Many times she feels that since she is able to work, she should work, but she respects her husband decision. This is where culture plays a major role, because in the Indian culture, the wife generally has to respect the husbands wishes.While discussing gender roles, I also questioned them almost their sexual orientation. Mr. and Mrs. G both say they are heterosexual and have always been heterosexual. They both a dmit to never being sexually active prior to getting married when they were both 23 old age old. Mr. G says that the reason he attended till marriage to have sex was primarily due to religious convictions. Mrs. G also admits to being religiously convicted to wait till marriage to have sex, but also admits it was also out of fear of what her parents might do if she ever became pregnant before marriage. She went on to disclose how in the Indian culture, having a child out of wedlock has grave repercussions for both the person involved and the family. It would cause the involved person to be footslog out of the family, and place a bad stigma on the rest of the family members.Rank order is used to identify the positions of each child within the family in terms of age and gender (Wright Leahy, 2009). The children of the G family include the two older boys E, age ten and J, age eight, and also the two younger girls, B, age six and A, age four. Mrs. G is the middle child, with an olde r brother and a younger sister, and Mr. G is the oldest of three children, with a younger brother and sister. At the present meaning they are unsure if they would like to have more children.A subsystem is a group of members comprised of individuals linked together through a common association, such as gender, interest, or function (Wright Leahy, 2009). Mrs. Gs subsystem includes mother, wife, daughter, and sister. Mr. Gs subsystem includes father, husband, son, and brother. For the two boys, E and J, their subsystems include son, brother, and grandson. For the two girls, B and A, their subsystems include daughter, sister, and granddaughter. Mr. G admits that due to his work he has trouble balancing his many subsystems. His work requires him to travel across the country almost every week thus, he does not have up to(predicate) time to spend being both a father and a husband. He feels as though he is always compromising time with someone, and he regrets this greatly because he is m issing important milestones with his children and not spending enough time with his wife however, because he is the sole provider he has to pass water this sacrifice in order to provide for his family.Boundaries serve to define and protect the family structure and system (Wright Leahy, 2009). From the information I gathered from the G family, I would describe their family boundaries as clear and permeable. Between husband and wife they mutually agree that they are not to have relationships with anybody else, and that conflicts must first try to be resolute by themselves. If conflicts arise among the children, the parents have the final say. The G family is Christian, and are careful of whom they allow into their family circle, making sure that they have the same Christian values. This is not to say that they isolate themselves from anyone who is of a different religious background on the contrary, they say that they befriend all who they meet to try to bring them to know God.Exte rnal StructureExtended family is very important to the G family. For Mrs. G, she is very open with her mother, and describes her as her best friend. Even though her mother is in India, they talk to each other on the phone every day. On the other hand, Mrs. G is not shareicularly close to her father. Although she loves her father deeply, she describes him as being overly religious. She says that it is very fractious to talk to him because he looks at everything through the prism of religion and will often condemn her, even if she is just asking for a piece of advice. Mr. Gs family is much more laid back. He has an open relationship with both his parents and siblings, and is able to talk to them freely.Mr. Gs extended family of his parents and brother are going to be playing a more important role in their lives because the G family is planning to move to Houston, Texas in relation to Mr. Gs job, and both his parents and his brother already live there. While Mrs. G is happy that they are going to have close family nearby, she does not want to live also close to her in-laws because she says that they will tell her how to raise her children and she does not like that.Larger systems refer to social agencies within the community that the family is in frequent contact with (Wright Leahy, 2009). Mr. and Mrs. G say that the biggest and most important system in their family is their church. They are very active in the church by always planning and organizing activities. Furthermore, people in the church really look up to them as being a great example of a loving family. For the children, school is important and they are part of many extracurricular activities, such as piano lessons, swimming, and basketball. Furthermore, Mrs. G attends a Zumba class everyday with some of her friends from the church.The next category in the Calgary Model is the developmental assessment. The G family is considered to be in stage three of the family life cycle, Families with young child ren. In this stage, some changes that are required for the family to proceed developmentally include adjusting the marital system to make space for the children, joining in childrearing, financial, and household tasks, and realignment of relationships to include parenting and grandparenting roles (Wright Leahy, 2009). The G family admits that they still struggle at times to meet each others personal and emotional needs because the needs of the children are now their main priority. However, since the children are now getting older and are at an age where they are able to keep themselves preoccupied, Mr. and Mrs. G feel that they are able to spend more quality time with each other.According to the Framework of systemic Organization by Marie-Louise Friedmann the family is social system with the purpose of relating culture to its members (Bomar, 2009). Its elements include family stability, growth, control, and spirituality (Bomar, 2009). The G family provides for each of these elemen ts within their family by enabling opportunities to learn about societal norms and behaviors, interacting with community resources, setting boundaries, and encouraging the self growth of each member.After assessing the G family from a structural and developmental point of view, I can see that they are family that deeply care for and love each other unconditionally. They provide for each others physical and emotional needs, and make sacrifices when indispensable for the betterment of the family. They acknowledge that they are not a perfect family and have many flaws, but they try to continuously learn from their experiences and seek ways to alter their family life.

Biological Weapons and Americas Secret War Essay Example for Free

Biological Weapons and the Statess Secret War EssayEach and every day, every star is exposed to germs. Despite our distaste for germs, nature has insure us that many, mayhap most of the germs we encounter be non harmful, but many be not just harmful, but deadly. peradventure man spent most of his existence with erupt any first hand knowledge ab step forward germs, but man almost certainly has recognized that unseen germs put one over inapplicable effects. In ancient times, good deal popular opinion that germs came from demons or the gods. In ancient history, Hypocrites acknowledged that this was not true. From ancient times to the Black Death of the fourteenth speed of light and on to the arrival of Columbus to the New World, germs killed millions of people. During the Plague of the fourteenth century, known as the Black Death, fully one third of all Europeans are thought to have perished. Invisible at the time, germs such as bacteria were first seen when Anton Van Leeuwenhoek noticed them with the invention of the microscope. flat accordingly, approximately germs are so minute that they could not be seen until the electron microscope was invented in the 1930s.Although seen for the first time, no defense against them was readily available until Dr. Edward Jenner created the first vaccine in 1796. In the nineteenth century, medical checkup professionals realized that taking precautions as simplex as washing ones hands could reduce the likelihood of being infected by germs. In 1928, Alexander Flemming find that penicillin kills bacteria, a discovery that exponent have helped the universe a decade earlier when an estimated 20 million people world wide let ond from influenza.This staggering image demonstrates just how deadly germs can be, and vividly drives home the perils of germs and their potential for character in warfare. Recent plaints also demonstrate the brace for use up about the paste of germs and the possible dangers of wide expand germ warfare. In 2003, fully two decades after the world first grew alarmed about the get around of the human immunocom riger virus (HIV) and the dangers AIDS that result, a Chinese man living in China became ill with an unusual type of pneumonia labeled severe acute respiratory syndrome (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome).Although initially localized to China, SARS quickly spread throughout the world in just three months, another vivid illustration of the dangers of germ warfare. Those who might use germ weapons targeted at a particular enemy are not endangering their enemy. Germs do not recognize boundaries. This is one of the central concerns the authors express in their prevail. Germs are bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. Although the broad majority of germs are probably harmless, some can invade plants and animals and make them sick and many are deadly.However, not all are harmful and some can be beneficial. For example, some bacteria grow in our intestines and help us to incorporate nutrients in our bo betters from the foods we eat. Such bacteria are not possess for concern and not the subject of the authors book. Rather, authors Judith Miller, Stephen Engelberg and William Broad emphasis on biologic warfare and the deadly germs apply in and/or get arounded for biologic warfare. This book is a revealing look at the biological weapons programs that have existed in the US and Russia in the past and might exist today.In Russia, for example, the program was cognize to the Soviets as the Concern, Biopreparat the laboratories and plants that supposedly manufactured vaccines and other civilian pharmaceutical products was in fact a hub of Moscows germ effort, a vast network of secret cities, deed plants, and centers that studied and perfected germs as weapons. (p. 135) While atomic energy and the potential to go and use nuclear power for legions purposes was the novel weapon of the twentieth century, the comparable weapon of this century may be germ bombs and the bane of germ warfare.Germs are less costly to cultivate and develop than nuclear power, easier to develop and available to anyone with adequate expertise and laboratory facilities. Unlike the millions of dollars bespeaked to develop and design nuclear weapons, biological weapons are relatively inexpensive to develop and use. growth an efficient delivery system to use with biological weapons may be more difficult than developing or cultivating deadly germs, but the tendency of people to move among themselves and the propensity of germs to quickly spread from one individual to another make germs and germ warfare a cause for concern.Of course, protective gear is required for their development so as to avoid contamination during explore or use and to protect from accidents and wastes, but developing germ weapons is relatively easy and available. What are the effects of viral infection? Despite their minute size, germs are among the most deadly thin gs in the kingdom of living things. The authors provide an example. In their scenario, the victims contracted the virus after eating in a restaurant. The stomach cramps began later that day Two days later,(they) started getting ill by weeks end, thirteen of twenty-eight employees were sick. And slews (more) called to complain that they had gotten violently ill. (p. 18) Germs are or can be the cause of gravid illness and biological destruction and can cause death in numerous painful and undesirable ways. The spectrum of effects that can be attributed to germs ranges from very beneficial to mildly beneficial to mildly harmful and all the way to deadly. once germs invade a body, they consume nutrients and energy and produce toxic wastes that act as poisons leading to any number of health problems. The beneficial germs are not what concern the authors.The authors message is that germs can be deadly and that governments have and probably still are developing germs specifically for u se as weapons in military situations, and while that is of concern, the authors point out that other concerns are just as worrisome or of more concern. What if biological weapons developed by the military were to assume into the hands of terrorists? nevertheless though the means to deliver biological weapons is difficult, in a terrorist act or even in a military situation, even an inefficient means of delivery can be sufficiently effective to be frightening and cause the rapid spread of germs.The germs can be spread by human interaction and contact. In situations of terrorism, germs can be sprayed or but distributed by means of tiny vials. Once the spread begins, the germs can be more difficult to eradicate than they were to deliver even if only distributed in a small area. The problem then becomes how to contain the germs and prevent their spread. General focus of the book Although the authors focus on the biological weapons program in the US, they also consider other elements o f concern as regards biological weapons and biological warfare.They point out that seek into the development and use of biological weapons has grown despite the deadly nature of the weapons and the reality that such weapons, like the gases used during World War I, are just as deadly and harmful to those who would use the weapons as to those who are the intended victims. It may be unworkable to protect victim or victimizer from the effects of biological weapons. The authors are concerned that on numerous occasions, the U. S. has considered using biological weapons despite the dangers they pose. But the U. S. is not the only culprit.Other countries have biological weapons programs and some biological weapons have been used in the past. These weapons pose a threat for the future. During the Gulf War, for example, biological weapons developed by Iraq posed a threat and they might, in fact still pose a threat. While U. S. went in search of nuclear weapons and found none, the threat of biological weapons posed just as great a danger. The authors consider and compare chemical and biological weapons and outline the relative dangers of each. Authors view and why author feels this is important The authors make clear that everyone is playacting with germs for use in warfare.During World War I, the combatants used mustard gas to kill the enemy, but they learned that a temporary shift in the seethe direction could result in deaths on both sides. While it is perhaps only a value judgment that germs are worse than nuclear weapons, cypher can deny that germs might be at least as bad. If the radiation pollution and effects of nuclear weapons can last for hundreds or thousands of years, how desire could the effects of a living virus last and how are we to combat them perhaps not as want as nuclear radiation and perhaps not forever perhaps longer and even forever.Who can predict? What is to degree them from infecting all parties? Of course, conventional warfare is not th e only reason for concern as regards biological weapons. Of particular concern are terrorists. The authors of this book review the problems associated with the cosmea and existence of biological weapons manufactured by countries around the world. They point out that the biological weapons prepared for use in war are just as deadly and just as lots of concern for their value to terrorist for use in acts of terror.Unlike nuclear weapons, both chemical and biological weapons can be easy and inconspicuously transported from one location to another by anyone. Even if the countries that have germ weapons have no intention of using them, who can prevent them from falling into the hands of terrorists. Terrorists have a death wish of sorts. Perhaps they dont want to die, but they are willing to die for their cause, and while no one can object to a person being willing to die for a cause, not all causes are for the benefit of humankind.In the hands of terrorists who dont care about anyone or anything but their cause, biological weapons pose an equal danger to everyone. Germs do not recognize boundaries, race, nationality or cause. Terrorists can but biological weapons just as they buy other weapons or manufacture them on their own. The authors specify biological weapons as the poor mans hydrogen bomb. Often, they are simple to make in a laboratory. Sociological consequences from authors sentiment Biological weapons are more than merely a military concern. They are a sociological concern and a concern to society in general.Perhaps the only reason biological weapons might not be of as great a concern as the concern surrounding nuclear weapons is that most terrorists might not have a proper means to spread contamination by biological microbes, but even with the limited use of a biological weapon, stopping the spread of germs is complicated. Even limited use of such weapons can cause widespread contamination, especially during the initial period before anyone becomes aw are that a biological weapon has been used and action can be taken to stop the spread of the microbes.Once released, stopping the subsequent spread of the biological germs is both a medical and a sociological problem. Sociology involves how people interact with people, and the widespread use of biological weapons would dramatically alter and restrict human interactions. Typical human interactions from one day to the next, from one moment to the next dictate that germs will spread quickly and rapidly become a global concern as was demonstrated with the SARS extravasation in 2003. Weaknesses and strengths of the bookPerhaps the books greatest weakness is adequately addressing what can be through with(p) to prevent the further development and spread of such weapons. How can we prevent similar situations in other countries? Even if we could persuade the U. S. and Russia to abandon research and development of biological weapons, what can be done to prevent the spread and use of such we apons throughout smaller countries of the developing world? The authors do not pose viable solutions for that problem and, sadly, there may be none.Signing treaties may alleviate fear, but treaties signed in public are crushed in secret. No one realizes they have been broken until it is too late. That, perhaps, is among the greatest concerns connected with this issue. While the book is well written and adequately considers a number of important issues, the question as to how to prevent biological weapons from spreading is not adequately considered, perhaps because, in my view, openly signing treaties is no guarantee that anyone will adhere to what has been signed. That, therefore, is a concern, at least my concern.Yes, Americans could put pressure on U. S. politicians to stop research in and development of germ weapons and germ warfare, but that wouldnt necessary stop such research among terrorists. How can we authentically prevent germ weapons from falling into the hands of rogue countries and terrorists? The book addresses the issue, but no viable solutions are presented. Another concern, perhaps a major one, is the room in which the authors pose or form their conclusions. For example, they ask, Is the threat of germ weapons real or exaggerated? Our answer is both. This leaves the reader wondering what to conclude, or at the least leads the reader to wonder what message the authors are trying to relay. Fortunately, this book is not designed to be an alarmist book, but rather to point out the threat currently posed by biological weapons and what can be done to minimize their impact in the event of a biological attack. Authors biases Of course, everyone has a bias and rakehell on everything. The authors slant their work on the dangers of germ weapons and ignore the benefits. Considering the true dangers, one might ask, Do germ weapons present any benefits in the long run? Certainly, no noetic person could blame the authors for ignoring the assumed benefi ts of germ warfare. For example, is it possible that just the threat that these weapons exist might serve as a deterrent to war? From my perspect, that question, although it seems logical, is foolish to the point of being ridiculous. Any weapon that is so deadly and terrible that it cannot be used is useless because it leaves no rational options. Fail to use it and be destroyed. Use it and be destroyed. Those seem to be the options and, as you can see, they do not constitute an option at all.The last(a) outcome is destruction. The authors explain, Once the rod-shaped bacteria entered a victims body, the invaders multiplied wildly over hours and days, damaging tissues and overwhelming rival bacteria. Their main weapons were toxins and sticky hairs The toxins caused the intestines to exude waves of feeble fluid. (p. 19) By the end of the outbreak, nearly 1,000 people had been infected, medical facilities and staff had been overwhelmed and infected individuals had moved around so a s to spread infection. This is how viruses act on everyone, victim and victimizer alike.They create situations that overwhelm facilities, medical professionals and staff alike. On the other hand, if situations never come to the point where such issues need be considered, then the weapons and their origination were needless in the first place. So, the bottom line is not to develop such weapons at all. They pose many serious dangers and no real advantages. ain experiences with Germs Like most people perhaps, my personal experiences and perspective on this issue involve no more than the common colds I occasionally get. Some are worse than others, but I am well away that people, me included, tend to take colds for granted.We assume that colds are things that generally come unexpectedly, last briefly and then go away. Most people fail to realize that colds kill and most people today cannot fathom the seriousness of the global influenza epidemic of 1918. It is utter that so many Americ an men being sent to war in Europe died from influenza that the virus actually posed as great or great threat of death than the war. My personal experiences with colds make it difficult to fathom this situation, but it also emphasizes the point that viruses kill and that even apparently simple and common viruses are of greater concern than we realize.Further research needed If further research were pursued, where should we place most of our research emphasis? Certainly, much research should be devoted to finding ways and means to cope with the effects of the viruses most likely to be used in biological warfare. Providing medical assistant after a biological attach may be useless since viruses can exert their lethal effect so quickly that many would die long before any effective treatment could be delivered. Perhaps a research focus on preventing the spread of such weapons would be of greater value although certainly treatment should not be ignored.What treatment would there be, or could there be for newly developed biological weapons? While we cannot develop treatment for deadly viruses not yet developed, perhaps we can pursue research that would head off the development of such viruses. I feel that this is impossible because you cannot head off what you cannot even vaguely predict or foresee. Even as I consider this issue, it seems the possibilities of pursuing research that would provide medical cures for biological germs not yet developed is rather preposterous.In my view, research is not the answer to any of the problems except possibly treating the victims of the potential biological weapons we already have and the germs we already know exist, but what about protecting people from newly developed germs? Ultimately, the real solution appears to be finding a way to stop the development and use of such weapons. Certainly, that might be much easier said than done, but it might mean that the most effective medical research is sociological in nature.I dont li ke to view anything as being hopeless, but in this case, it seems to me that the greatest hope lays not so much in any type of research, but in finding ways for human beings to get along better. If further research were pursued, where should we place most of our research emphasis? Certainly, much research should be devoted to finding ways and means to cope with the effects of the viruses most likely to be used in biological warfare. Providing medical assistance after a biological attack may be useless since viruses become resistant to any attack. In a sense, they are perfect fighting machines.This topic is of sociological concern because it indicates how important it is to find ways to address and deal with the social situations and problems we encounter as individuals and as countries. For example, not mentioned in the book is that naive individuals might use viruses to vent grudges against other individuals. Personally, I am just as happy that this idea is not presented in the boo k because I would not want to give anyone foolish and dangerous ideas that would go far beyond affecting the intended victim, and perhaps that is a central message the book tries to convey as well.Germ warfare is not a strategy that assures national security but a dangerous idea that serves no valid purpose and assures danger, mayhem and widespread death. Books Relationship to Sociology its Value in Class Lectures. This topic has value in the class, but in my view, its value lies only in bringing the issue to our attention and allowing us to address the research and development of such weapons in America and perhaps Russia, China and the European countries.There is little we can do about terrorists or rogue countries and certainly, showing too much concern for the creation of such weapons only increases the likelihood that terrorists might be foolish enough to use them. So, the question as to the value of this topic in class is questionable. Certainly, we need to be aware of the dan gers of germs and take measures to protect against them and to prevent their spread, but that is mainly a health issue and it remains a health issue whether or not viewed from the perspective of sociology or medicine.Personally, I dont like calling undue attention to things we cannot control because it alarms people in a demeanor that leads to a feeling of helplessness. Summary and conclusion In conclusion, this book vividly presents the dangers and concerns that surround germ warfare. While the book focuses on the biological weapons program in the US it points out that many countries are playing with this deadly idea and that developing countries view it as a poor mans nuclear bomb.Even so, from the authors perspective at least, biological weapons are much worse than nuclear weapons. In my view, perhaps that is not true. While the methods (nuclear vs. biological) are different, in the final analysis, both cause great illness and (different types of) global pollution that will affe ct the world for decades, centuries, possibly millennia. In my personal view, I believe that surviving a biological war is more likely than surviving a nuclear war, but I find the idea of choosing between one or the other ludicrous. I feel that more people might die quickly and painfully with biological weapons than with nuclear weapons, but ultimately, I feel that the global pollution with nuclear weapons would be worse. It is a question of seeing a glass as half empty or half full.The idea that there is a contravention or distinction is more or less an illusion. In the end, the only viable alternative is to completely avoid both. Choosing between the value judgment as to which is worse is a decision I would rather never take and it is also one that I wish no one else in the world had the opportunity to make. Yes, perhaps that is a naive view, but in the end, isnt that what you would probably prefer as well.ReferenceMiller, Judith, Stephen Engelberg and William Broad. (2002). Germ s Biological Weapons and Americas Secret War. Simon and Schuster, New York, NY.